How do the differences between profit and non-profit organisations Essay

How do the differences between profit and non-profit organisations affect the way in which they should employ budgetary controls - Essay Example Budgetary controls involve regulating the operations of an organization by establishing targets and standards with regard to expenditure and income. This regulation is done to ensure performance of a business institution. It incorporates various methods of applying financial values to financial forecasts in the management of a business organization. These values are usually compared to actual estimates. Irrespective of whether business is profit or non-profit oriented, having budgetary control is essential since it makes sure that the organization realizes success. However, non- profit organizations usually use budgetary control methods that are different from those used by profit oriented business establishments (Kaplan, 2001). Budgetary control methods used by business establishments usually involve management accounting (Lanskroner, 2002). Management accounting refers to the process whereby the management of a business establishment uses accounting information that is provided to them in order to make decisions concerning the future of the company. For companies whose main intention is to realize profits, the accounting information is fundamentally future oriented and not past oriented. The information is also model based and not case based. The information is also intended for managers and not the company’s stakeholders. This type of accounting is done on request by managers, and it is usually treated with a lot of confidentiality. In profitable organizations, the objectives of budgetary control are: 1) to ensure that an organization studies themselves are carefully applied in all of its aspects; 2) to ensure that the whole management system comes together and formulates how the business organization should be run in order for the company to realize maximum profits; 3) to promote planning in order for everyone in the establishment to have a sense of direction; 4) to ensure that a business establishment’s policies are clearly defined and that t heir main aim is to realize profits; 5) to maximize the effect on how both capital and staff are employed; 6) to reveal areas in the company that can be improved in order for the company to realize maximum profits; 7) to facilitate the comparison of the business establishment with external environments with the view of increasing its revenue; 8) to coordinate and direct activities in the business to ensure that they lead to achievement of the company’s goal which is maximum profits; 9) finally, allowing and supporting the control function of management by analyzing actual results with the expected results (Jiambalvo, 2009). This information about the performance of their staff is provided to the managers. Managerial accounting is basically designed for companies whose main aim is profit maximization. However, the use of some managerial accounting concepts is beneficial to non-profit business organizations because by adopting such techniques managers of non-profit organization s are able to set benchmarks or measurements that are appropriate for controlling, planning, and decision making. There are various techniques used when it comes to managerial accounting in a non-profit business establishment. One technique used is where the cost of raw material, labour and total overheads will determine the health of the business e

The tone of the poems Essay Example for Free

The tone of the poems Essay This phrase is an example of how the smaller things are often the best and I think that this is why Bennet used young boys and girls instead of just soldiers. Another reason is, I think, the anger felt at the association of two such different things the innocence of children and war. Bennet may have written it to make people to reconsider their views on war and the glorified heroes by adding a different dimension to them. In the line blood reds, cloud whites and ocean blues Bennet neglects to mention the land. He includes the sky and the sea but the earth isnt present. This is linked to the second stanza which begins with nature creating pain for the humans biting, stinging clouds of dust but ends with man taking control. I think that these lines may signify that the earth is being destroyed by humans. As nature is another beautiful casualty of the war, like children, I believe that Bennet may be suggesting that the innocent are the first to suffer. Also, he uses words such as biting and stinging to describe the winds. There are very derogatory adjectives so it may imply that Bennet is saying that war changes people and forces them to become things theyre not. This is also similar to The Man He Killed as war is like a charade or a game. When they were forced to pay the ultimate price it can relate to as the man who was killed was in his place which suggests that he had no choice. Strange people and foreign land both evoke similar images of a faraway place that is unknown to many people. Young children generally like familiarity but by the use of foreign it suggests that it is very upsetting for them. It can also signify that they were far away from home and there was nobody they know. The flags that caress them is their only comfort but by then it is too late. It is purely ironic that the flags which represent the politicians that killed them are the only thing to offer them some peace. This can be compared to quaint and curious war is because both poets are suggesting that war is odd and that it does not work in simple ways. Strange people is another likeness to The Man He Killed the first stanza is about the way in which they could have been friends if war didnt get in the way and the same applies for the people in Coming Home. I think that Bennet used that line to illustrate the bewilderness that can follow war as things change. Floating and seek the stars evokes an image of childlike fantasies of flying and going to the moon. These dreams could have been fulfilled if they hadnt died so young and I believe that Bennet, by constantly reminding of their deaths in subtle ways, is trying to recreate the families pain when they cant ever forget them. Glistening seems like something is finally recognising their sacrifice and they are being welcomed back home. It is as though the flags and the tarmac are the only things that care about them and I think that Bennet is implying, through no people being mentioned, that we dont overly mind their deaths. I think that Bennet was very bitter towards humanity when he wrote this as he does only refer to them with contempt: the government who sent them to fight. The final stanza of Coming Home is, compared to the rest of the poem, very calm and peaceful. Illuminates reminds me of someone suddenly understanding something or becoming enlightened. I think that it is a final reminder that we need to switch on about war as he considers it needless and waste of life. The calm nature of the setting moon could be a symbol of hope for the future as, despite nature being corrupted earlier in the poem, it has come through and shown itself here. This suggests that Bennet still believes that we do have the power to stop destroying things. By ending the poem where he did, I think that Bennet wants us to remember the soldiers who died for us and to know that, if we want it, a better future is available for us. The title and the tale of The Man He Killed suggest that two people were involved the murderer (he killed) and the poet. However it becomes clear that the poet is the killer when he recounts the story in first person. I think that the poet is ashamed of the act as he wants to remain anonymous. This suggests that the murder haunts him and that the needs clarification about the necessity of it. Its also shown by the because - as he needs to cast about for a reason. These two quotes hint that the poet is doubt about the true nature of war. The first and last stanza also suggests that, as he is thinking of what could have been, he, like Bennet, considers war to be a waste of life. The rhyming of the poem adds a more playful feeling to it and I think that the poet may have placed it in as a shield around his actual feelings. He may have done this because he was a soldier and is aware that they arent particularly supposed to have those sorts of thoughts. This is shown by ranged as infantry as he is impressing on us that he wasnt a person when he did it; he was a killing machine. The phrase off-hand like implies that the act of going to war isnt thought over or deliberated about, he just went. I think that he could be suggesting that people at home believe war is so easy you go, kill a few men, come back. However by reading the rest of the poem about his feeling suggest that it can leave you in moral turmoil. However the continuation of the rhymes suggests, I believe, that the poet is trying to make us aware of the underlying threat of the people who think that its one big joke.  In conclusion, I find that The Man He Killed is more touching than Coming Home because its in first person and therefore I could sympathise more with his feelings. This is a complete turn around from my first impressions on the poems as The Man He Killed seemed childish to begin with but when you look deeper the true message is there. Despite the differences in the poems, both poets agree on their final message to the readers: war isnt glorious or heroic; its a complete waste of life.

Csr Initiatives Taken By Bayer Material Science Management Essay

Csr Initiatives Taken By Bayer Material Science Management Essay 1. Introduction This is the report which contains about the assessment and looks at the Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives taken by Bayer Material Science (BMS). 1.1 Introduction to the Case Study This case study is based in the chemical industry and presents the decision of Germanys Bayer Material Science (BMS) to choose appropriate measures of corporate social responsibility initiatives taken by the organization and to promote the process of setting up and running a plant in China. The story is centered on Dr Dirk van Meirvenne, who managed the plant in Map Ta Phut, Thailand, at the time of the case. About BMS Bayer AG is the management holding company of the Bayer Group, which was founded in 1863.Today Bayer is a research based global enter-praise with core competences in the fields of health care, nutrition and innovative high -tech materials. It is represented around the world by 350 companies, which market approximately 5,000 products Bayers global headquarters in Leverkusen, Germany, his business is structured into three sub groups. Bayers Health Care AG Bayers Crop Science AG Bayers Material Science AG These are supported by central service functions which are combined into the three service companies. 2. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Corporate social responsibility is related to, but not identical with, business ethics. It is concerned with the ways in which an organization exceeds the minimum obligations to stakeholders specified through regulation and corporate governance. This includes considerations as to how the conflicting demands of different stakeholders can be reconciled. Since the legal and regulatory frameworks pay uneven attention to the rights of different stakeholders it is useful to distinguish between contractual stakeholders such as customers, suppliers or employees who have a legal relationship with an organization and community stakeholders such as local communities, consumers (in general) and pressure groups who do not have the protection of the law to the same extent as the first group. Therefore the corporate social responsibility policies of companies will be particularly important to these community stakeholders. 2.1. CSR in BMS Corporate social responsibility (CSR) analyzed economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary expectations that society has of organizations at a given point in time with focusing under four stances Leissez faire, enlightened self interest, forum for stake holder interaction and shaper of society those typically involve in terms of the ways organization practices. The Laissez Faire View It represents an extreme stance where Bayer takes the view that the responsibility of business is the short term interest of shareholders and to make a profit, pay taxes and provide jobs. It is for government to prescribe throw legislation and regulation. They have shown their commitment to CSR in their objectives. They have long track records of welfare engagement. Most activities are organized at the local level by Bayer foreign subsidiaries and maintain public private partnerships which are corporative projects with local and government organization. They are ensuring their acceptances into the portfolio of investment and pension funds that are oriented around ethical principle and sustainability criteria. They also aimed at making an attracting employer for high skilled personnel. They are technical and economic expertise is closely link to a responsibility to work for the benefit of mankind and contribute to sustainable. They are well aware of the value of their 120,000 employee in achieving and sustaining the high standard. They are contracting their employees by recognizing in each country where they operate. These needs may vary along with customs and national culture from country to country. Before they decided to invest in Thailand they recruited educated employees by sending to Europe for one year. This shows they have always been forecast on the development of the CSR to make short term interest of shareholders. Enlightened Self-Interest Is has tempered with recognition of the long term financial benefit to the shareholder of well-managed relationships with other stakeholders. The justification for social action is that it makes good business sense. An organizations reputation is important to its long term financial success and there is a business case to be made for a more proactive stance on social issues in order to recruit and retain for staff, for example. So corporate philanthropy or welfare investment or promotion expenditure. The sponsorship of major sporting or arts events by companies is an example. When employees view their organizations commitment to socially responsible behavior more favorably, they also tend to have more positive attitudes in other areas that correlate with better performance. Bayer group have promoted activities include health education programme and initiatives to improve child care project to combat child labour, education and vocational tanning. The promotion of culture and sports or projects to encourage cultural diversity form these shareholders believe their organizations recognize and reward great customer service, act quickly to address and resolve customer concerns, and are led by people in senior management who act in the best interest of customers. So we can add corporate social responsibility, the CSR factor  to the top drivers of workplace engagement. Its also a factor in attracting and retaining talent. And the more senior management is seen to be out front on the issue, the more employees like it. Forum of Stakeholders Interaction It defines multiple stakeholders interests and expectations. Bayer focuses on the right societal megatrends: a responsible approach to drinking water, childrens health, energy-efficient and environmentally friendly production and innovation are viewed as crucial issues, as are climate change and climate protection, sustainable health care and safety at the workplace. The transparent implementation of these issues is detailed particularly clearly in the focus issue sections but is also demonstrated in the Performance Report. Granted funds to support the organizing, a soccer tournament and supported a School tournament for students from schools. Bayer Corporation believes that adhering to this ideology and continuously making improvements to their Work Life programs and benefits are what has made us one of the worlds top inventor companies. Shapers of Society It focuses of financial considerations as of secondary importance or a constraint, in this sense it seeking to change society and social norms.Bayer intends to contribute to a stable business environment, safeguarding the legitimacy and justification for the companys operations while same time strengthening the confidence of board cross section of society in the companys social responsibility, here by highlighted the three main areas: Bayers have legal obligations under statute and under tort to respect and protect the environment and human rights. Bayer has long track of welfare involvements nongovernmental organizations NGOs to set up local or governmental initiatives to solve a wide variety of social problems. Partners with United Nations Environment Programme; supports and organizes a no. of projects, which aim to reinforce environmental awareness and advance knowledge about the environment awareness. Bayers believe in modern innovative technology transfer, creation of welfare and responsible development in their work. Corporate boards should be permitted / forced to consider non-financial matters under securities and corporate law to insure that the business is not put at risk. Bayers CSR commitment covers wide range of activities which, supported by monetary and material donations or company foundation. Promoted activities include ; health educations programmes and initiative to improve child care projects to combat child labor, education and vocational training, environmental protection, promotion of culture and sports or projects to encourage culture and sports or projects to encourage cultural diversity and combat of discrimination. Responsibility care code of management practices, BMS Thailand; Bayers invest on pension funds that are oriented around ethical principles and sustainability criteria. Bayers work hard to educate consumers and other actors in society to drive fair trade and sustainable models of production Donating books and magazines to municipality school libraries, by educating pupils and also providing health care services. 3. Conclusion Corporate social responsibility of BMS shows that organizations have moral, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities in addition to their responsibilities to earn a fair return for investors and comply with the law. Organization adopting a broader view of its responsibilities that includes not only stockholders, but many other constituencies as well, including employees, suppliers, customers, the local community, local, state, and federal governments, environmental groups, and other special interest groups. Even though they have being proactive on environmental issues they are some issue on their environmental harm because of chemical exposed. To provide Support in the form of green initiatives is obtainable for improving processes, it would be helped them to improved public image, stake holders relationship and reputation. In addition, And all Bayer industries would be pressured to follow Bayers lead, resulting in an improvement of air quality (defend on air pollution) that would benefit residents, workers, and local government agencies and industries that depend on an influx of residents and tourists.   Recommendations Industrial environmental protection and corporate social responsibility have always been inseparably linked at Bayer, for further reference refer to Appendix 1. Developing enlightened self interest Go out of the way to practice showing positive feelings towards others- gratitude, respect, trust which in turn will arouse goodwill from them. Choose some new activities in various life areas work, family, leisure that will bring goodwill and motivate the employees. At the same time, act assertively. In other words, until enlightened self-interest becomes part of you, consciously seek to get you get more of what you want, while respecting the views and feelings of the other people involved. For further, Making available Support in the form of green proposal is recommendable for improving processes, it would be helped them to gain better public image, stake holders relationship and reputation by invest considerable time, effort, and capital in green technology becoming much greener company. Come up with additional funding for Health and Safety of the employees and residents against possible injury, illness, and death. Should absolve Bayer by proving that actual air fabrication where were much operation occurrence and reflecting at the side of air pollution, heat and power without funding to allow the EPA to test air emissions at the site and without efforts by the stakeholders to persuade Bayer to reduce the amount of waste produced at the site In order to invest in China they should focus those drawbacks and critical situations to be avoided inconveniences and to be successful and pave in China. References (2008). Coperate Social Responsibility. In K. S. Gerry Johnson, 8th Edition, Exploring Coperarte Strategy (pp. 145 148). England: Bristish Library Catalogue-In-Publication Data. (2008). Bayer MaterialScience: Resposnsible Operations in Thailand and China. In K. S. Gerry Johnson, 8th Edition, Exploring Coperarte Strategy (pp. 677 684). England: Bristish Library Catalogue-In-Publication Data. Bayer Material Science , Bayer Material Science [online] Available at: http://www.bayermaterialscience.com/internet/global_portal_cms.nsf/id/home_en [Accessed 11 January2011] Bayer Bids to Be No. 1 in Polycarbonate, Plastics Technology, February 2000, p. 69. Bayer, CuraGen Alliance, Chemical Market Reporter, February 26, 2001, p. 7. Bayer Playing Catch-Up, Med Ad News, March 2001. Bayer Prepares Bulk Chemicals Restructuring, Chemical Market Reporter, March 24, 1997, p. 8. Brierley, David, Bayer Finds Breaking Up Is Hard to Do, European, August 7, 1997, p. 24. Hume Claudia, Bayer Rejects Call for Split, Chemical Week, March 21, 2001, p. 7. Rosendahl, Iris, Out Miles, in Bayer, Drug Topics, February 6, 1995, p. 54.

Catcher in the Rye Essay: The Need for Control -- Catcher Rye Essays

Need for Control in Catcher in the Rye  Ã‚  Ã‚   With his work, The Catcher in the Rye   J. D. Salinger created a literary piece that was completely unique. The entire novel was written from the first person viewpoint of the 17-year-old boy Holden Caulfield. The majority of the story is compiled of Holden's rudimentary monologue of â€Å"complexly simple† thoughts, the rest utilizing his relay of previous dialogue. That, along with the use of unique punctuation, digressing explanations, and complex characterization, transforms the simple plot into a complex literary classic. The novel's dialogue and monologue alike manage to relay the feel of natural speaking such as "I mean you'd be different in some way - I can't explain what I mean." The contractions â€Å"you'd† and â€Å"can't†, since they are common in everyday language, establish a very common and simple tone. Stress on the first syllable of "different" reinforces the tone by demonstrating how typically they speak. He uses dashes for pauses and the sig naling of associative digressions. Instead of for signaling pauses, commas are used only where mechanically required. "So all of a sudden, I ran like a madman across the street - I d*** near got myself killed doing it, if you want to know the truth - and went in this stationary store and bought a pad and pencil." ***CITE THIS???***   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Holden Caulfield creates a thought-provoking point of view. On the surface, many of his thought patterns seem unrelated and stray from the topic. His association of topic with digression is used almost constantly throughout the novel. However, realizing that these digressions are very relevant and even crucial to the topic, he allows the reader to gain true insight into the character. His statements ... ... His being the lone "big" person expresses his desire of being in control. The playing in the rye field next to a crazy cliff would depict the nearness to his fall while being oblivious to the danger. His one wish is to be able to prevent this, to be in control. Then, after establishing his wishes, he considers it impossible by expressing thoughts of it's craziness. He has resolved that he cannot be in control, but it is all he wants. In a world before alternatives to his painful lifestyle, what can Holden do but blindly play the game in the rye field, right beside his cliff of sanity. "But life is a game, boy. Life is a game that one must play by the rules."    Bibliography 3rd edition Psychology (Bernstein-Stewart, Roy, Srull, & Wickens) Houghton Mifflin Company Boston, Massachusetts 1994    NOTES ***YOU MUST CITE ALL THE QUOTES FROM THE NOVEL***

A case study on Padini Malaysia Essay

Introduction: In Malaysia Padini become the eyes catching brand in the most famous giant shopping mall. This brand also the most successful brand that I meet that can compete with the foreign same line brands like Giordano, Esprit, Elle and etc. From the minor focus group I did between my friends and relatives, surprisingly more than 90% of them thought that Padini is the foreign branded name like Esprit. Until I told them that actually Padini is the Malaysia local brand they also feel proud of this brand— Padini. Thus, Padini also has the history from the stretch until today so popular in the Malaysia consumers mind. Therefore, this is the reason why I chosen Padini as the brand that is MADE IN MALAYSIA to compete with other brands in Hong Kong to show that Malaysia Boleh! History: Padini began as a backend operation in Malaysia’s apparel industry, manufacturing, trading and supplying garments for retailers and distributors. Padini in Malaysia’s is a multibillion textiles and garment industry, a brand leader involved in the distribution and retail of its own fashion labels through 170 freestanding stores and in house outlet. It has also proudly carried the Made-in-Malaysia stamp abroad, with garment exports to Singapore, Thailand, Brunei and West Asia. The success of the company can be attributed to the prudence of it management and the commitment of its staff. Padini Products Range: Padini is mainly an integrated operation that controls its products – fashion  wear and accessories – from concept stage to manufacturing, merchandising and image marketing. Each brand represents a fashion philosophy; each philosophy covers a comprehensive range of products aimed at a targeted consumer. Brand image is strongly backed up by real value: quality, functionality and price. Padini Brands We address fashion-conscious consumers of both sexes and all ages through eight distinct brands: Padini Classic, Padini Authentic, PDI, P & Co, Seed, Miki House, and Rope. Vincci accessories have focused on the fast changing tastes of woman consumers, and Seed Cafe opens an exciting new dimension in food operations for the company. Padini’s New Stores The company is on the expansion trail, with new stores targeted in the immediate future for Ampang Point, Prangin Mall Penang, Jusco Maluri and IOI Mall. The Padini Mega Store in Johor Baru confirms the company’s reputation as a visionary leader in fashion retail. The 12,000 sq ft store consolidates all its brands under one roof for a total experience in shopping for clothes. In The Pipeline Padini will maintain and increase its leadership position in Malaysia’s fashion industry through various strategies. New brands and increased product diversity are key expansion policies. The company will continue to upgrade the image of its products while emphasising value and quality. Vincci is the company’s successful toehold in the lucrative but competitive women’s footwear market. There are plans to strengthen its dominant position with improved production lines and increased capacity. Having successfully etched its brand names into the consciousness of Malaysian consumers, Padini is moving to turn its various labels into regionally recognised fashion  leaders. It intends to fulfil the potential of the export market, especially in the Asean region, and will also step up overseas marketing for its products. Image Activities Padini recognises the value of advertising and promotions in enhancing the presence and leadership of its brands. It participates in:*Magazine Advertising (Female, Nuyou, Eh!, Cleo, Marie Claire, FHM, New Tide and Cittabella) *Cinema Advertising (Tanjong Golden Village, Mega and Pavillion) Blow-up posters at key freestanding stores, banners and fashion shows have all contributed to Padini’s complete lifestyle message. Vision The vision shared by everyone in Padini is to be the market leader in the retail industry. We are committed to achieving this goal through hard work, discipline and creative endeavour. Currently, Padini Holdings is consolidating its operations in order to be even more streamlined. In the long terms, we will continue to maintain our high standard of design and manufacturing quality as well as affordability. We are also working towards expanding the business on a regional basis. At present, we have a growing presence in our neighbouring countries, and we believe that there is great scope for growth. Environmental scanning towards country chosen: Marketing in different countries around the world are depending to many influences. It is possible to identify those influences in order to understand the market thoroughly. The development of successful international marketing strategies is based on an effective understanding of the similarity and differences that exist in the countries around the world. Padini are concerned with international markets need to be aware of the variety market contemplations relevant to their operations. Especially Padini only has limited exposure to international markets. Padini also lack of experiences toward the totally differences culture, geographically and other PEST factors countries like Hong Kong and Taiwan. The countries that Padini recently built their brand identity are Singapore, Thailand and Brunei. Therefore, in this assignment I plan to develop this domestic brand —-Padini in Hong Kong. Although it is full of challenge built this domestic brand in this full of stiff competition country. At the same time, Padini also will face a lot of the new problems like how to manage the four seasonal stocks keeping, design, 4p’s and etc. But, if Padini can overcome the problems and successfully built the brand image like Giordano, in the future Padini also can develop their brand in Japan, Middle East, Pakistan and etc. It is because Giordano already successfully open their outlets around the world, amazingly Giordano able to open 50 outlets in Middle East. Thus, in order to eliminate the problems we must scan the environment thoroughly. Buyer behaviour In international marketing the type of buyer behaviour must be matched to market considerations. Thus, Padini must understand the Hong Kong consumers buying behaviour towards fashion. The type of consumer buying behaviour varies according to the type of buying decision. The main influences relate to the differences between the brands available to the consumer and the degree of personal involvement decision. Buying process is relatively quick because of the limited differences between brands (it means the brands that have parallel image like Bossini, Giordano, Elle and etc) But not included high price brands like Guess, Calvin Klein (CK), Gucci and etc. It also under low involvement, low price compare to  Gucci and low risk group. Thus, consumers will always make their quick and fast decision when purchase Padini products. Therefore, if Padini enter into Hong Kong market, in the future Padini will become the potential brand in international market. Culture The difference of culture in international marketing is thoughtful. It is an obvious source of difference. Some easy to manage but some the other ways round. Culture is difficult to define precisely. It is the way, which people live together in a society, it also can influence by religion, education, family and reference groups. In Hong Kong the Hongkee are very concern about their personal image, especially the younger generation. They are willing to spend the money to make-up themselves and never think about the saving. Padini will has a competitive advantage in fashion market it is because nowadays the trend for the fashion will change so aggressively. Padini still can keep the cost low production because Padini is the backend operation apparel industry. Padini also can eliminate the culture problem in Hong Kong it is because the culture between Malaysia Chinese and Hong Kong are quite similar. It is because the Malaysian had influenced by Hong Kong culture through broadcast and media since we had our television. Politic factors The legal system operating within a host country is an important environmental influence for international marketers. Fortunately Padini products are the simple ordinary consumer products. But, the following areas in which international marketing management will be concerned to understand the legal position. Contracts for the supply and delivery of goods and services The registration and enforcement of trademarks, brand names, labelling Patents;Marketing communications;Pricing ;Product safety, acceptability and environmental issues Hong Kong is a free port and the financial hub in Asia. In Hong Kong the politic is stable compare to a lot of other countries. Therefore, it is the time to develop the brand in that country. Economic factors Countries can be classified in a variety of ways. Most classifications are based on national income and degree of industrialisation. Hong Kong GDP per capita in excess of $ 3000. The market size and growth is encouraged, it is because Giordano can open the more than 50 outlets in Hong Kong within a years. Thus, the demand will very impressive if Padini fashion can really suit the taste of the Hongkee. Competitive factors Stiff competition sure will occur in Hong Kong market, but Padini brand image is strongly backed up by real value: quality, functionality and price. In Michael Porter’s five forces the important forces that can affect Padini in Hong Kong is the rivalry between the competitors and customers. The others like substitutes, supplier and new entrant will be the second consideration. How to develop brand image 3.0 Symbols Buyers respond differently to company and brand images. The primary way to account for NIKE. NIKE succeeded in convincing millions of young consumers that shoe is not simply the shoe, it’s an attitude. Padini should also need to acquire this influence power in consumers’ mind. 3.1Media/ Advertising Padini in Malaysia is the popular brand in consumers mind. If Padini wish to develop the brand image in the Hong Kong consumers mind it not so easy. Therefore, Padini should appear in the most popular Hong Kong magazine. Apart from it, Padini also can give the post card brochures to customers to increase the brand awareness. On top of that, Padini might engage in programmes that broadcast the fashion shows around the clock or 24 hours in the Specially formulated Fashion Channel in the satellite TV. 3.2:Events/ product endorsement A company can build an identity through the events it sponsors. Every one know that Hong Kong TV programmes is attractive, consumers like to watch TV at the same time they also like to take the actor or actress as their image role model. Thus, if Padini can successfully sponsor the costume to the actor or actress in some soup opera or TV programmes. Padini brand will become more popular. These role models can conduct fan club activities featuring autography session and all these product endorsers are wearing Padini outfits. When Padini develop their brand in Hong Kong it still need to choose the appropriate media to promote their brand and products. Thus, Padini can take part in their fashion show. For example, every month in Hong Kong most popular shopping centre â€Å"TIME SQUARE† will conduct the fashion show. At the same time, a lot of the famous actors and actresses will come to give the comment toward the model, designer and the fashion they wear. If Padini  product also can be chosen by the famous actor or actress as their brand I feel that Padini will has the bright future in Hong Kong. 3.3: Atmosphere The physical space occupied by the company is another powerful image generators. For example, in Hong Kong DKNY developed a distinctive image through its outlets. When you enter in you will feel enter into star trek space ship. Thus, Padini need to survey how the competitors outlets interior design, layout, colour and furnishings in order to match the taste of the customers. If not, the consumers will project the brand is the inferior brand because of the outlets. How to maintain the brand equity—– ICEBERG MODEL Padini also need to plan how to maintain the brand equity, actually maintain the brand equity is difficulty as develop the brand. A brand is what the customer buys. But, the equity is the marketing asset that exists in the customer’s mind. Brands must be holistically integrated to meet target needs. For example in the Iceberg model the brand with nothing below the waterline lacks depth and sustainability. Thus it will not last for a long period of time. Actually Padini must always take care of their stakeholders. Padini should not only aim for maximising the profit and abandon the employees and other shareholders feeling. The best employees will generate the empire for the company if they sincere to their company. They will feel proud to be the members of the company. On the other hand, if the company squeeze them lack of motivation to them, sooner or later they will try to  destroy the brand of the company. How to be a social responsible brand Nowadays the global marketer concern about environmental issues and social responsible. Padini also can take this opportunity to develop their brand in consumers mind. Padini can do some promotion for example, if the customers purchase their products and keep their recycle bag for next time shopping use in Padini outlet they will deduct 10 cents for the environment charity group. It is because Padini can cultivate the customers to become more environmental friendly and Padini also can save their cost. At the same time, if everyone in Time Square carries Padini Bag, the other will be curious and wish to be part of the culture too. Therefore, the bag should have the serial number therefore the retailers only can proof the bag is old. From the serial number, Padini also can motivate the customers in the better way by offering them the lucky draw in every month to win the Padini products like belt, tee- shirt, vouchers and etc. Padini is the manufactures they have high technology in dyeing the material. At the same time, Padini also can tell the consumers that they very concern the environment pollution issues. Conclusion—- Long Term Strategy Padini also need to do the internal and external audit to strengthen the position in the international market. To do the audit the first step should do by Padini is to benchmarking with their strategy group competitors. The following picture is some example how to maintain the advertisement quality, outlets atmosphere, models, design and brand image compare with the competitors. Therefore, Padini also need to employ some of the foreign designer to pump in  some new blood in their new innovate design or pattern. Padini also need to provide some training to their stuffs to enhance skill and knowledge. As we know that world change aggressively, competitors have born everyday. If we cannot plan to create the value chain to the company, the company will hard to survive prosperity.

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buy custom A Doll’s House essay The doll house is a play that focuses on the sacrificial role of women in the society. In addition, the play illustrates the deception of appearances as well as the parental and filial obligations as the major themes. In the play, Nora, the main character and she plays the role of a woman who is living under the domination of a man. Nora strives to please her husband who does not consider her opinion as worthwhile. However, she is strong and determined and her will gives her the strength required towards the end when she decides to leave her husband. This brings us to queer theory that states that identities are not fixed and they should never determine who we are. In this case, Nora was defined as a woman who was weak and whose opinion did not matter. However, she reinvents herself and establishes her own identity as a strong wise woman who is not afraid to become independent. This is illustrated in the falling action of the movie where Nora realizes that her husband does not love h er as a woman rather as someone he can control and manipulate, hence the title Doll house. Homosexuality is also key aspects in the story. At the time, this concept was very unfamiliar territory in the society. However, Dr. Rank is ill and his disease seems to be form immorality but he does not let this bring him down.Just like in the society today, gender and sexual preferences should not dictate a persons identity. Although Rank had inherited a terrible disease from his father, he is cheerful and not afraid to face death. This shows that peoples identity should not be fixed on public opinion, gender or sexuality. This is what Ibsen tries to bring out in the play; the fact that people tend to judge and identify other based on society norms and expectations rather that on their personality. Buy custom A Doll’s House essay