Comparative and Superlative Forms Lesson Plan

The similarity of certain grammar structures, such as conditional forms and linking language, lend themselves to teaching in larger chunks, rather than focusing on one form at a time. This is also true of the comparative and superlative forms. Introducing both the comparative and the superlative simultaneously students can begin speaking about a wide variety of subjects in a more natural form that makes more sense contextually. The correct use of the comparative and superlative forms is a key ingredient when students are learning how to express their opinion or make comparative judgments. The following lesson focuses on first building understanding of the structure - and of the similarity between the two forms - inductively, as most students are at least passively familiar with the forms. The second phase of the lesson focuses on using the comparative and superlative forms actively in a small group conversation. Aim: Learning the comparative and superlative Activity: Inductive grammar learning exercise followed by small group discussion Level: Pre-intermediate to intermediate Lesson Outline Activate students awareness of the comparative and superlative by comparing three objects of your choice. For example, compare life in the US, the country where you are teaching and another country of your choice.Ask students questions based on what you have told them.Have students pair up and ask them to complete the first exercise on the worksheet.Based on their completion of the first task, ask students to give you the rules for the construction of the comparative form. You will probably have to point out that a three letter word following the CVC (consonant - vowel - consonant) form will double the final consonant. Example: big - biggerHave students complete the second exercise on the worksheet.Based on their completion of the second task, ask students to give you the rules for the construction of the superlative form. Make sure that students are aware of the similarities in construction between the two forms.Have students get into small groups of three to four and choose one of the topic headings for their group.Ask groups to then decide on three objects in the topic area to compare and contrast verbally.Have students write five to ten sentences based on their conversation using the comparative and superlative forms. It might be useful to ask them to write a specific amount of both comparative and superlative sentences. Exercises Read the sentences below and then give the comparative form for each of the adjectives listed.​ Tennis is a more difficult sport than Rugby.I think John is happier now than a year ago.Could you open the window, please? Its getting hotter in this room by the minute.interesting ___________weak ___________funny ___________important ___________careful ___________big ___________small ___________polluted ___________boring ___________angry ___________ Read the sentences below and then give the superlative form for each of the adjectives listed. New York has got to be the most exciting city in the world.His biggest desire is to return home.She is probably the angriest person I know.interesting ___________weak ___________funny ___________important ___________careful ___________big ___________small ___________polluted ___________boring ___________angry ___________ Choose one of the topics below and think of three examples from that topic, e.g. for sports, examples are football, basketball and surfing. Compare the three objects. CitiesSportsWritersFilmsInventionsCars

The Cathedral By Raymond Carver - 1202 Words

â€Å"Cathedral† written by Raymond Carver is a short story that unfolds as a first-person narrative of the main character named Bub. The story beautifully depicts the process of an individual who transforms from a person with lack of knowledge and ignorant towards knowledgeable soul, due to an encounter with his wife’s blind friend Robert, to an individual that is enlightened. The cathedral, in this story, is a mere subject brought up at the end of this story which becomes the object of his enlightenment. â€Å"Cathedral,† tells a tale of Bub who through a blind man receives an eye-opening experience. The narrator starts off as intolerable, but towards the end of the story, with the assistance of a blind man makes him open-minded. He is clobbered†¦show more content†¦I got up off the sofa with my drink and went to the window to have a look†(pg. 5). From the narrator’s consumption of alcohol it helped slowly lower the walls that he had up bl ocking him to allow Robert into his space. Another indication that shows the narrator was hit hard was when he began to realized that what he read in papers weren’t always true. â€Å"I remember I read somewhere that the blind didn’t smoke†¦ they couldn’t see the smoke they exhale†¦ But this blind man smoked his cigarette down to the nubbin and then lit another one†(pg. 6). This moment allowed for the narrator to see that what he has read isn’t always the truth, and that was shown when Robert proved the narrator s preconceived notations wrong. The narrator’s presumptions led to him being clobbered and irony played a role in the process. Bub felt that Robert’s blindness hindered him from his daily activities such as eating, â€Å"The blind man had right away located his foods, he knew just where everything was on his plate. I watched with admiration as he used his knife and fork on the meat† (pg. 7). The narrator was astonished, he didn’t expect Robert to be able to locate the food on his plate nor did he expect him to find and use the eating utensils with ease. Another example of irony was when the narrator went to turn on the television and his wife felt he was vainly disrespectful towards Robert. The narrator’s wife believed that since Robert was blind, he wouldn’t have a television set. SheShow MoreRelated`` Cathedral `` By Raymond Carver992 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Cathedral† is a short story that was written by Raymond Carver in 1981. Raymond Carver is most well kno wn for his short stories and is even an writer credited with reviving the then dying form of literature. A part of a collection of short stories, â€Å"Cathedral† was the last to be published and was included in 1982’s Best American Short Stories. â€Å"Cathedral is different from the other works of Carver due to the humanistic realism that is given to his characters, which had not been seen before in hisRead MoreCathedral (by Raymond Carver)1131 Words   |  5 PagesCathedral: A Lesson for the Ages Raymond Carver s short story, Cathedral, portrays a story in which many in today s society can relate. We are introduced from the first sentence of the story to a man that seems to be perturbed and agitated. As readers, we are initially unsure to the reasoning s behind the man s discomfort. The man, who seems to be a direct portrayal of Raymond Carver himself, shows his ignorance by stereotyping a blind man by the name of Robert, who has come to stay withRead MoreThe Cathedral By Raymond Carver Essay937 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Cathedral† Born on May 25, 1938 in Clatskanie, Oregon, Raymond Carver was destined to be a writer. He was a son of a sawmill worker and grew up working hard majority of his life. He married year after he finished high school and had two children with his wife at the time. He raised and supported his children with normal working class jobs such as delivering, janitorial and gas station services. Carver discovered his interest in writing after taking a creative writing course in collegeRead More`` Cathedral `` By Raymond Carver1027 Words   |  5 Pagesfirst, I thought she was ridiculous, and I laughed at her. But later, I realized that she was suffering a hard disease and that was the reason she had lost her hair. I felt bad myself because at the end I was the ridiculous. In the story, â€Å"Cathedral† by Raymond Carver the narrator was thinking wrongly about Robert because Robert was a blind man. The narrator was accustomed to what we usually watch on TV about blind people. He thought that Robert was one of those who walked slowly accompanied by a dogRead MoreThe Cathedral By Raymond Carver978 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"The Cathedral† by Raymond Carver, a man named Robert is coming to spend the night at the narrator’s house. Robert is a friend of the narrator’s wife who happens to be blind, which doesn’t sit well with the narrator. Robert and his wife have a ten year relationship which started with her working for him. Since then they’ve stayed in contact by sending audiotapes to each other. When Robert reaches the house, the narrator is a bit uncomfortable. The first reason being because the man is blind, andRead MoreThe Cathedral By Raymond Carver1294 Words   |  6 Pagesthat with self-awareness, a person â€Å"comes to know what [their] destiny is, who [their] wife or husband will be, what [their] mission in life will be† (Maslow 440). In the cases of those who aren’t aware of their self, like the narra tor of â€Å"Cathedral† by Raymond Carver, they lack all behaviors of self-actualization as well as the experience of transcendence that follows suit. In order to open the door to their selves, a â€Å"metacounselor† guides them through their mind or activities that would embrace individualityRead MoreThe Cathedral by Raymond Carver1281 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cathedral by Raymond Carver is an exemplar of a literature with the use of realism in which a realistic, non-ideal, ordinary life of an individual is depicted to represent a wider meaning in life or the society. The anecdote is narrated through the narrators point-of-view about a blind man, Robert, who is a friend of his wife. A theme is presented using a foil, Robert, or a character whose traits are ideal and contrast with the protagonists to highlight some qualities in the central characterRead MoreThe Cathedral By Raymond Carver1758 Words   |  8 PagesIn Raymond Carver’s â€Å"The Cathedralâ₠¬ , the unnamed husband narrators the tale of his wife’s old blind friend Robert coming to visit after not seeing each other for years. They had remained in contact through audiotapes, but the husband seems to not understand the significance of their relationship, showing distaste with the visit for the majority of the story, due to his uncomfortableness. In this story, the writer displays his tale and its morals; by using the narration of the husband; Carver showsRead MoreThe Cathedral By Raymond Carver1280 Words   |  6 Pages Raymond Carver’s short story â€Å"The Cathedral† is one that was published with a collection of other books in 1983. This particular short story is one that presents multiple views, including real life ethical and stereotypical situations correlating with the specific time this story was published in. Through these ideas and also the symbols created through the characters one receives a vital message. This message that the autho r is trying to convey is to look further past what one may see at yourRead MoreCathedral Raymond Carver Analysis1212 Words   |  5 PagesIn â€Å"Cathedral,† Carver’s use of visualization and climactic change of character emphasizes the theme that looking and seeing are two very different things. When Raymond Carver had his wife’s blind friend, Robert, join them for a few days, he should’ve been more understanding and empathetic with Robert’s blindness instead of just avoiding it or brushing it off as if it’s not there. Carver did very well in changing his ways and learning to accept and understand Robert. Carver also did a good job of

Bussiness Free Essays

Part one Excuative Summary Starwood Hotels Resorts Worldwide, Inc. is one of the leading hotel and leisure companies in the world with 1,000 properties in 100 countries and approximately 145,000 employees at its owned and managed properties. Starwood Hotels is a fully integrated owner, operator and franchisor of hotels and resorts with the following internationally renowned brands: St. We will write a custom essay sample on Bussiness or any similar topic only for you Order Now Regis, The Luxury Collection, Sheraton, Westin, Four Points by Sheraton, W, Le Meridien, Aloft, and Element. Starwood Hotels also owns Starwood Vacation Ownership, Inc. one of the premier developers and operators of high quality vacation interval ownership resorts. Starwood hotels and resorts offer an array of innovative services to meet the needs of guest, and business traveler. Including high speed internet throughout all of their hotels, two-line telephones in the guest rooms, and fax and print services at stations threw out their hotels. In 2011 the company posted revenues of $5,624,000,000. In 2006, it had sales of nearly $6 billion and profits of $1 billion. Starwood Hotels and Resorts has six core value that they follow; Trust, Respect, Callaboration, Innovation, Accountability, and Execution. With these values Starwood Hotels and Resorts uses these core values and its mission statement to serve as a blueprint for what they will accomplish. Starwood Hotels and Resorts mission statement is as follows; â€Å"Create the most successful branded, global, lifestyle Hospitality Company by ensuring that trust and respect, for our associates and guests, are at the forefront of everything we do. We are committed to re-imagining our business with creativity and innovation, resulting in exciting, fun workplace. †(http://www. starwoodhotels. com/corporate/careers/believe/values. tml) Starwood Hotels and Resorts mission statement focuses on creating a great hospitality company for their employees and their guest. CEO Fritz Van Passchen and CFO Vasant M. Prabhu of Starwood Hotels and Resort makes it there goal to do so. Fritz Van Paasschen, has been Chief Executive Officer and President of the Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide, Inc. since September 2007. Previously he served a s and CEO of Molson Coors Brewing Company’s largest division from March 2005 until September 2007. Vasant M. Prabhu Reports to Frits Van Paasschen as vice chairman and financial officer or Starwood Hotels and Resorts. Vasant is responsible for the accounting, tax, strategic planning, corporate development and risk management function of the corporation. Vasant has 20 years of experience and previously served as an executive vice president and chief financial officer for Safeway Inc. It is not nothing new for companies in the hospitality industry to give back to the community. Starwood hotel and Resorts is the world’s leading hospitality company with over 1128 properties in 100 countries represented by nine innovative brands and over 145,000 associates. With such breadth and verity it makes the Starwood hotels and resorts willing and ready to promote change around the world and they are committed to doing so. When it comes to social responsibility Starwood Hotels and Resorts   has other hotels beat in 2012 one of the Starwood store brands   the Sheraton Metechi palace Hotel received an award for the â€Å"World’s Leading CSR Programme†Ã‚     and that’s not the only time they were nominated for such rewards according to  http://www. worldtravelawards. om/profile-2434-starwood-hotels-resorts. Some CSR programs Starwood Hotels and Resorts are associated with; Starwood hotels and resorts has been charitable partner with UNICEF since 1995 and the program now operates in more than 210 of its hotels throughout world and has raised $13 million for UNICEF. Some 2012 CSR projects include Starwood’s employees fundraising campaign, the road to awareness, $320,000 was raised from the schools for Africa project and list goes on and on. Part Two Technological Opportunities Starwood Hotels Resorts Worldwide Inc. is the most global High-end hotel company in the world. Their strength lies in nine distinct lifestyle brands, an award-winning loyalty program and there more than 171,000 associates at their owned and manages properties. Starwood hotel and resort tries focusing on blending and mining there associates. They makes it a priority to maintain an associate and customer base as diverse as the world population. Our culture of diversity and inclusion has also been recognized by DiversityInc as one of the â€Å"Top 50 Companies for Diversity† and by the Human Rights Campaign as one of the â€Å"Best Places to Work for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Equality†. Starwood hotels and resorts offer an array of innovative services to meet the needs of guest, and business traveler. Including high speed internet throughout all of their hotels, two-line telephones in the guest rooms, and fax and print ser vices at stations threw out their hotels. Part Three Marketing Opportunities Starwood Hotels Resorts Worldwide, Inc. Plans to strengthening its position as the leading hotel operator across the Middle East and Africa (MEA) region with an existing portfolio of 82 hotels, representing nearly 22,000 guest rooms, the majority of which are operated under Starwood’s world-renowned Sheraton and Le Meridien brands. The company plans to increase its MEA portfolio by more than 60% with nearly 50 new hotels set to open over the next five years, adding more than 14,000 guest rooms to the region while creating thousands of local employment opportunities. With over 20 hotels expected to open by the end of 2015, Starwood is on track to reach a milestone 100 hotels across MEA. Further underscoring the importance of the region as one of Starwood’s fastest growing hotel and travel markets, earlier this month the company relocated its global headquarters from Stamford, Connecticut to Dubai for a month-long immersion. â€Å"Starwood continues to see demand for growth of all of our brands across the Middle East and Africa despite economic and political uncertainty in some parts of this incredibly diverse region,† said Frits van Paasschen, President and CEO, Starwood Hotels Resorts. Rapid economic growth, rising personal incomes, a growing middle class and ever greater global connectivity are driving new travel patterns and demand for travel, and this region is at the center of these trends and a key focus of our growth strategy. † According to http://www. starwoodhotels. com/corporate/about/index. html Part Four Recruitm ent Presentation At Starwood Hotels and Resorts Inc. they make it a mission to create opportunities for undergraduates and graduates across every area of their business. Through internships, externships, and management training programs they will teach you leadership and team’s skill. So position yourself for a rewarding career in hospility industry take it from me I only work at one of their location and actually started as an intern and now I am a supervisor. Making there recruitment overview to be right on target when they say â€Å"We advance. No matter where we go, we always move forward. We open new hotels and resorts and create more personal, global experiences for our guests. You can be a part of it all with our programs at our properties and corporate locations throughout the world in places such as China, the United States, Canada, Europe, Africa and the Middle East and South Asia. We inspire. We immerse you with people, places and practices that make up our thriving portfolio. You will experience firsthand the thrills of working with some of the most sought-after hospitality brands and leaders in the world. † Part Five Future Opportunities From the company’s luxury General Managers Summit in Dubai, Starwood Hotels ; Resorts Worldwide, Inc. NYSE: HOT) today announced its luxury footprint has nearly doubled worldwide in five years to meet growing global demand. Starwood is lengthening its lead in luxury hospitality with more than 160 hotels in 39 countries as part of The Luxury Collection, St. Regis and W brands, offering guests and residents personalized service and exceptional experiences around the world. Looking ahead, Starwood will add 50 luxury hotels in 12 new countries over the next five years. The General Managers Summit coincides with Starwood’s month-long relocation of its global headquarters to Dubai. Modern luxury has not replaced tradition; they sit at the same table, but in slightly different clothes† â€Å"We are on the cusp of a new golden age of luxury travel as technology and globalization drive new trade routes, capital flows and wealth creation,† said Frits van Paasschen, Starwood’s President and CEO. â€Å"Dubai is at the epicenter of this change and we are delighted to welcome our general managers from around the world to cultivate a deeper understanding of a new and growing luxury landscape. † According to www. starwoodhotels. com Starwood’s inaugural luxury General Managers Summit How to cite Bussiness, Papers

Entrepreneurship Wain Stores Business Plan

Question: Discuss about the Entrepreneurship Wain Stores Business Plan. Answer: Introduction: The current business plan is based on the medium scale company, which is specialised in the production and distribution of the technological production concerning the particular components. The organisation will be emphasising on the technological concept by targeting certain needs of the customers. The organisation will be dealing in the technological product in the IT sector. The business anticipates commencing its operations out with a few employees and gradually expands into the industry. Company history Wain Stores hopes to be a medium scale company that specializes in the production as well as distribution of technological products and their specific components. The company will target the ever-changing technological concept fronted in the current world through focusing on certain needs and wants exhibited by the people (Wei et al., 2014). Through this, Wain will be able to reach out to different individuals with interests in the IT sector. The company will also offer consultancy services with regard to review and updating of software, databases as well as network administration. It will require its staff to posses high-end skills that are required in the market, hence, making them competent to effectively deal with the challenges brought forward in the industry. Current status The status of Wain remains a viable business idea which tries to seek funds and capital from investors. The business plan hopes to convince various individuals with an interest in the IT sector to consider investing in the business. It will help Wain achieve its overall objectives and targets. The company hopes to start out with a few employees and gradually grow into the industry. Industry analysis The IT industry has greatly grown over the years due to the significant advantages it offers to companies. The growth has allowed an increase in the companies that produce IT products as well as subcontracting their services. This growth rate, however, has not affected the industry since other industries have continued to grasp the concept and integrate IT in production and distribution (Patterson, 2012). This is because IT is considered fast, accurate and reliable as compared to human resource. Consequently, predictors explain an increase in the sales projections in the coming years if the trend continues. Industry structure The IT industry in Mauritius is structured in a direct manner where the consumers have direct access to the products from the company. It has eliminated the case of brokers and middlemen who inflate the prices of products (Saad, 2010). Companies have taken upon themselves to produce, package and distribute their products directly to the customers. Thus, the consumers get the products at the best price possible. Additionally, the industrial structure has helped eliminate the problem of counterfeit products that find their way into the markets in the case of intermediaries and brokers. Such products undermine the credibility of the legitimate products and services as well as encouraging black markets. Thus, the industrial structure has played a big role in ensuring that the companies are protected. The major participants and stakeholders include Microsoft, Apple, EAX Agile Solutions and Accenture. They are considered major stakeholders in the IT industry in the country and engage in ac tive decision making activities with regard to matters affecting the companies. Key success factors The major key success factor in the industry is the ability of a company to come up with new ideas and mechanisms for service delivery. Inventions and innovations are integral parts of the success of any company. The move involves establishing of proper methods of enhancing quality in the final output (Johnson, 2014). In this regard, it is vital that the company establishes measures to protect invention ideas through patents. In an industry where products are closely related, a slight change or improvement in the product will have a great overall impact on the customers. The introduction of the internet has revolutionized the IT sector through making the world a global village (Lazzarini, 2015). Current trends in the industry in Mauritius involve the use of social media to reach out to different groups of people across the world. Online marketing has also emerged along with ecommerce where products are bought and sold across the internet. Additionally, customers are able to easily ge t to know specification about the products through the internet. Market analysis The IT market ranges from a variety of individuals with computer and internet needs. Products and services offered in the industry make it unique and easy to predict the customer demands at a given time. The market is segmented with regard to needs as well as the relevant financial prowess and social status of the customers. However, age and gender have very little impact with regard to the needs of the customers since most of the products and services cut across the groups (Davenport, 2013). The financial prowess of the individual, for instance, would enable them to go for expensive phones and computers, which are considered fast and possess a higher memory (Nadvi et al., 2015). The situation also applies to the internet where higher finances enable one to go for high-speed connectivity. Buyer behaviour Consumers in the industry in Mauritius also tend to go for newer products. There is a higher demand for product change as new products are considered better and more effective as compared to the previous ones. Thus, consumers will tend to go for the latest products and services launched by the company (Nadvi et al., 2015). The consumers in the industry also exhibit brand loyalty and it is usually difficult for a company to convince them. Competitor analysis Wain faces competition from other established companies with a higher financial prowess. These companies have an existing customer bases who exhibit loyalty to their products. Consequently, it is difficult for the company to break into the market without proper and effective strategic measures. Companies such as Microsoft, EAX Agile and Accenture have been operating in Mauritius for a long time and have significant support bases. Therefore, it is imperative that proper strategies are put in place which will help guarantee the overall realization of the company objectives and targets with regard to the IT industry. Marketing plan The company needs a comprehensive market plan that would aid in its desire to conquer the IT market in the country and also globally. It hopes to be a medium scale producer within the first year of operation, hence, requiring strategies to counter the financial challenges. The aspect would put it at a great disadvantage especially when facing competition from already established companies such as Apple (Bloom et al., 2014). Thus, Wain will try to adopt a marketing plan that will guarantee the results with the limited budget it faces. Additionally, the adopted plan will also guarantee both short and long-term goals in the company, which help it a great deal. The plan, moreover, will incorporate current trends and developments in the industry as well as inclusion of innovative practices (Fleisher et al., 2015). It is important that the company deviates from the norm to easily reach out to the market. Marketing strategy The company products need to be of high quality to easily compete with the established firms. It is important to make a proper impression to the customers in order to cement a loyal base. Thus, Wain will try to avoid possible cases of faulty or poor quality products. Such aspects turn the customers away and make it difficult for the company to cement its position in the industry (Galbraith, 2011). The pricing of the products, too will be considerate of the prevailing conditions. It is important that the prices set by the company are within the industrial regulations. The company will try to avoid unfair practices by inflating or severely deflating the prices of its products. In the case of reduction in prices, caution shall be exercised since reduced prices can mean poor quality products. Promotion is also an important aspect in the marketing strategy. Wain needs to engage in vigorous product promotion activities through focusing on current trends such as use of social media. The company will directly engage the customers to determine their needs and, therefore, produce according to them (Hanrahan et al., 2013). This enables the customers understand that they are valued and appreciated. Promotion by the company will focus on distinguishing the products from the competitors as well as explaining the new products and any improvements on the previous one. Product distribution, additionally, will try to reach out to the customers directly (Lin et al., 2011).Wain needs to maintain the current industrial practice involving little use of the middlemen and brokers. It allows the customers to receive products and services within the shortest time possible as well as the best prices. Management team and company structure Board of directors Wain will be managed by a board of directors that will be responsible for the oversight of the daily activities being conducted in the company. The board shall deal with setting up of strategies according to the company cultures and traditions. Moreover, it will be the duty of the board to see to it that these strategies are implemented by the relevant departments and people involved (Prajogo, 2012). The directors will also deal with hiring of competent employees who best fit the job description and posses the relevant expertise and experience. In other cases, they may also terminate the employees contract in the event that they breach the regulations and code of conduct. The board will be elected by the shareholders to represent them and the interests of the entire company. Board of advisors There will also exist the board of advisors that will comprise independent strategists with a wide range of expertise regarding management of companies especially in the IT sector. The advisors will act as intermediaries in the companys operations with other industries (Truck, 2013). They will advise the board of directors with regard to certain decisions to be made concerning the company. The board takes up an informal nature, therefore, allowing for flexibility in structure and management. Their main roles will be provision of strategic direction, guiding quality management and assessment of program effectiveness. Company structure Wain will take up a matrix company structure with various departmental heads tasked with different activities. The managing director will be the head of daily activities and oversee the daily implementation of strategies developed by the board (Borghoff Pareschi, 2013). The director reports to both the board of directors and board of advisors. The departmental heads fall under the managing director and include the general stores manager, procurement manager, project coordinator and the production manager. These heads will oversee independent activities in the company which focus on the overall goals of the company. They report to the MD and are responsible for setting up independent strategies to ensure achievement of their targets as a department (Awaludin et al., 2016). They will also be required to work with the stipulated budget and ensure its full implementation. The departmental heads will also ensure that their employees comply with the rules and regulations and will see to i t that the overall company objectives and targets are achieved in the fiscal year Operations Plan Wain shall take up a vigorous approach to operations with a strict focus on quality of the output. The move reiterates the mission of the company to revolutionize the world through IT. Consequently, it will encourage its employees to focus on production of quality output and services. To ensure this, the company shallconduct periodic training programs which see to it that the workers skills are improved. The programs also allow the employees to be oriented on trends and developments in the industry, which help in production activities. Additionally, customer relations will also be highly regarded in the company. This is especially to the distributors who interact daily with the customers. It is important for the company to ensure customer satisfaction through proper relations and building of trust (Dahlstrom et al., 2013). The company will also try to engage in social activities to ensure it fulfills its corporate social responsibility. This involves charity work and support of community enriching activities. Wain hopes to conduct annual seminars where young children are introduced to IT at a young age. The programs will involve introducing them to coding, database management, network administration and basic computer engineering. The company, additionally, shall highly regard its immediate environment and will strive to ensure that it avoids possible cases of pollution brought about by its activities. Business location The company shall strategically locate its businesses next to city centers to ensure easy target of the markets. The urban areas have been labeled as metropolitan and hence, easy customers of the company. The location makes it easy to attract the various companies located in the CBD. Additionally, the company shall establish an online platform where customers who cannot physically locate the premises can be served. It is important to have such a platform as it helps reach out to a wider audience despite geographical differences. Moreover, it enables the company increase its sales and create a good reputation which earn it referrals in various situations. Facilities and equipment Wain will enlist various assets which help in the daily running of the company. The assets enhance continuity of the company activities over the period. Additionally, stores where its products will be kept will be properly guarded to help deter any form of unauthorized entry. The same security measure shall be enhanced in its various facilities and equipment in the various areas that they are located. This guarantees the company of trust from its customers and other companies that may have contracted its services at a particular time. Product (or service) design and development plan The companys development plan hopes to explore other aspects of information technology to effectively advance its agenda. The plan incorporates various aspects seen as the future of IT such as cloud computing and advanced coding. The move will see to it that there is full utilization of available resources in the advancement of the mission and vision statements shared by the company. It also hopes to design complex gadgets and equipment that are taunted as the future of communication in the world. Wain will also invest in research programs which seek to help solve global problems such as climate change and terrorism. The company believes that technology can play a huge part in solving some of these long term problems. Consequently, it will try to collaborate with renowned organizations of humanitarian aid to help find a lasting solution to some of these problems. Challenges and risks However, the company will face some daunting challenges and risks in the course of advancing some of these projects. Cyber terrorism is a major risk in the IT industry. There have been cases of hackers gaining illegal access to company information and selling them to the highest bidder. Such a problem can potentially damage the company especially if such information lands on the competitors hands. Wain, therefore, will set up effective mechanisms to guarantee its online security. It prevents possible cases of blackmail or force out of the industry. The fact that it will not be widely known may be difficult for it to seek for financial aid from established organizations sharing similar concerns with regard to existing global problems. Intellectual properties Wain understands the importance of protecting its intellectual properties from third parties. Therefore, it will instruct legal help to assist in protection of its ideas and concepts. The legal team outsourced by the company will see to it that the company formulates an idea, reviews its viability and implements it without possible violation of the law or conflict with another company. Moreover, they will assist the company cover aspects related to trademarks and patents (Terpstra et al., 2012). The aspects prohibit a third party from reproducing the company products without their consent or even claiming a particular idea. Financial projections Wainwill mainly rely on sale of its products as the main source of funds. The company will ensure that it produces durable and high quality products to ensure that it receives considerably high amount of funds. Additionally, the company will also offer consultancy services to companies seeking to set up computer system. Itwill advice on possible hardware and software as well as effective easy to ensure that the overall goal is achieved (Van riel et al., 2011). In other situations, the company can also be contracted to review and update software system of companies and institutions. The financial statements in its books of account exhibit the companys financial prowess. They explain the fact that Wain is in a good position to engage in business activities. The affirmation confirms that the company can effectively engage into contractual services as well as reiterating its capability to handle the various production activities. Additionally, the move will help it acquire loans from financial institution which it can use to effectively further its goal and overall mission objectives (Peppers Rogers, 2012). The company shall also allow periodic audits which help affirm its compliance with laws and regulations. Financial assumptions: Income statement assumptions: The financial document will be based on assumptions as well as projections. It helps the business to see various effects associated with financing options. Wain will hugely rely on these documents to assist in the making of viable investment decisions. They include the pro forma balance sheet as well as the cash flows. From the assumptions made in the financial statement it is found that the total amount of non-operating income consists of sales revenue generated in the first financial year of the business. It is found that total income for the first financial year consisted of $75,000 after deducting the cost of sold comprising of 25,000. In the subsequent year it is found that sales revenue is projected to be 125,000 where the organization may incur an additional cost of goods sold of 35,000. The total income arrived for the second year comprised of 90,000 with 105,000 in the subsequent year. The expenditure consists of the operating expenses comprising of advertising cost, interest expenses, office supplies etc. These cost are related with the cost of business operations. The total amount of operating expenses generated for the first financial year consists of the 15,275 followed by 16,525. In the third financial year the business is projected to incur the total non-operating expenses of 17,825. Financial ratios: Wain will also rely on ratio analysis to help understand and gauge its performance in specific departments. They are usually characterized as short term solvency, debt management, asset management and profitability. They will help the company establish independent measures in each department. The financial ratios consist of the Debt ratio, which is derived by taking into the considerations the total liabilities against the total assets. The debt ratio projected by the business is 0.58 and 0.54 for the business with total amount of debt being 25,000 for the first financial year. On the other hand, the current ratio consist of the current assets and current liabilities with 2.40 and 3.00 being incurred for the first and second financial year. The working capital ratio is computed by subtracting the current assets against current liabilities. The working capital ratio for the business consists of 2.00 for the first financial year followed by 3.00 in the subsequent year. The total asset to debt ratio is computed with 2.41 and 2.17 being projected respectively for the business during the span of two working years. The debt to equity ratio takes into the consideration the owners equity against the total amount of liabilities. The debt to equity ratio for the first financial yea r consists of 1.41 for the first financial year with 1.17 for the second year. Thus, the ratios has been computed in accordance with the business operations which helps in determining the business viability over the considerable period of time. Conclusion The business plan, therefore, is seen as a viable option for investors seeking to engage in the IT industry. It demonstrates its capability to rival established companies in the industry. Additionally, through its management, it will be able to venture into various activities which help generate income and also guarantee its survival and continuity in the future. The move makes it easy to engage possible partners who help in the overall achievement of the goals and objectives. Additionally, the company will also demonstrate its willingness in the fight against global problems such as terrorism. Other companies in the industry should support the move. However, there are also certain problems, which may hinder the full realization of the goals and objectives. These problems need to be properly addressed to ensure an overall realization of objectives. References Akhter, S., Rahman, N. and Rahman, M.N., 2014. Competitive Strategies in the Computer Industry.International Journal of Technology Diffusion (IJTD),5(1), pp.73-88. Awaluddin, M., Sule, E.T. and Kaltum, U., 2016. The Influence Of Competitive Forces And Value Creation On Company Reputation And Competitive Strategy: A Case Of Digital Creative Industry In Indonesia With The Implication On Sustainable Business Performance.International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management,4(2), pp.201-234. Bloom, N., Garicano, L., Sadun, R. and Van Reenen, J., 2014. The distinct effects of information technology and communication technology on firm organization.Management Science,60(12), pp.2859-2885. Borghoff, U.M. and Pareschi, R. eds., 2013.Information technology for knowledge management. Springer Science Business Media. Davenport, T.H., 2013.Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology. Harvard Business Press. Dahlstrom, E., Walker, J.D. and Dziuban, C., 2013.ECAR study of undergraduate students and information technology. 2013. Entertainment Software Association, 2010. Essential facts about the computer and video game industry. Fleisher, C.S. and Bensoussan, B.E., 2015.Business and competitive analysis: effective application of new and classic methods. FT Press. Galbraith, J.R., 2011.Designing the customer-centric organization: A guide to strategy, structure, and process. John Wiley Sons. Hanrahan, P.F., Ramsay, I. and Stapledon, G.P., 2013. Commercial applications of company law. Johnson, M.L.L.S.F., 2014.The five competitive forces framework in a technology mediated environment: do these forces still hold in the industry of the 21st century?(Bachelor's thesis, University of Twente). Lazzarini, S.G., 2015. Strategizing by the government: Can industrial policy create firm?level competitive advantage?.Strategic Management Journal,36(1), pp.97-112. Lin, K.H., Shih, L.H., Cheng, Y.T. and Lee, S.C., 2011. Fuzzy product line design model while considering preference uncertainty: A case study of notebook computer industry in Taiwan.Expert Systems with Applications,38(3), pp.1789-1797. Nadvi, K. and Raj?Reichert, G., 2015. Governing health and safety at lower tiers of the computer industry global value chain.Regulation Governance,9(3), pp.243-258. Patterson, D.A., 2011.Computer architecture: a quantitative approach. Elsevier. Peppers, D. and Rogers, M., 2012. A new marketing paradigm: share of customer, not market share.Managing Service Quality: An International Journal. Prajogo, D. 2012. Supply chain integration and performance: The effects of long-term relationships, information technology and sharing, and logistics integration.International Journal of Production Economics,135(1), pp.514-522. Saad, N.M., 2010. Corporate governance compliance and the effects to capital structure in Malaysia.International Journal of Economics and Finance,2(1), pp.105-114. Trainor, K.J., Rapp, A., Beitelspacher, L.S. and Schillewaert, N., 2011. Integrating information technology and marketing: An examination of the drivers and outcomes of e-Marketing capability.Industrial Marketing Management,40(1), pp.162-174. Terpstra, V., Foley, J. and Sarathy, R., 2012.International marketing. Naper Press. Truck, S.C., 2013. A Wabtec Company New Product Announcement.Quick-Adjust Chock Strap published prior to Sep,10, p.1. van Riel, A.C., Semeijn, J., Hammedi, W. and Henseler, J., 2011. Technology-based service proposal screening and decision-making effectiveness.Management Decision,49(5), pp.762-783. Waser, R., 2012.Nanoelectronics and information technology. John Wiley Sons. Wei, Y.S., Samiee, S. and Lee, R.P., 2014. The influence of organic organizational cultures, market responsiveness, and product strategy on firm performance in an emerging market.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,42(1), pp.49-70.

The Blind Side

Introduction The Blind Side is a movie produced in 2009 that focuses on the life of Michael Oher. Michael is a teenager who overcomes numerous challenges such as homelessness and loneliness to become one of the most reliable offensive linemen in the National Football League (NFL) of America (Lewis, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Blind Side specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The movie was directed by John Lee Hancock and was based on the book, The Blind Side: Evolution of a Game by Michael Lewis. The movie stars Quinton Aaron as Michael Oher, Tim McGraw as Sean Touhy, Sandra Bullock as Leigh Anne Touhy and Jae Head as S.J Touhy. These characters shape the plot of the movie. Sean and Leigh Anne are foster parents to Michael while S.J is their only son who has good relations with Michael as his big brother. Before moving in with Sean and Leigh, Michael had lived in other foster homes, as well as on the str eets (Lewis, 2009). This movie is quite thematic because the viewer experiences sad feelings for what Michael goes through, as well as feelings of joy for Michael’s life transformation from solitude and misery to success and greatness. Plot Summary The main character in this movie is Michael, a seventeen-year-old black and homeless American teenager. He does not know his father and his mother is a drug addict. He puts up at various foster homes. However, he escapes in several instances due to various reasons. Hopping between foster homes leaves Michael without much formal education or essential skills that can help him get a job (Lewis, 2009). One of Michael’s foster parents tries to enroll him into Wingate Christian School despite his poor academic records. His athleticism and passion for football impress the football coach who recommends his enrollment. Because of his huge stature and young age, Michael is nicknamed The Big Mike by friends. While at Wingate Christian School, Michael becomes friends with S.J, a son to Leigh Anne an interior designer, and Sean Touhy a business guru (Scott, 2009). One day while driving home, Anne notices Michael walking alone in the rain and decides to talk to him. On discovering that he intended to spend the night outside the school’s gym, she decides to take him home and spend the night. After that, Michael becomes part of that family, amid negative criticism towards Anne from wealthy friends about making him part of her family. Leigh Anne identifies as a caring person, as she goes ahead to seek legal rights to be Michael’s guardian, which gets approved (Scott, 2009). Although Michael starts slowly with the team due to his gracious and calm nature, Leigh Anne is always around during training sessions to motivate him (Lewis, 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Michael impresses most college co aches with his ability on the pitch. However, Leigh Anne discovers that Michael’s GPA is below the required average of 2.5 that qualifies one for college scholarship (Scott, 2009). Anne goes ahead to hire Michael a tutor who works with other teachers and helps him attain an average of 2.52. Michael receives scholarship offers from numerous colleges, but settles for the University of Mississippi, the alma mater of his foster parents. Michael sticks with his decision despite receiving numerous threats aimed at making him change his decision. It later emerges that Michael’s foster parents restricts anyone under their care to join other colleges apart from University of Mississippi (Lewis, 2009). A confrontation ensues between Michael and Leigh Anne and they disagree. As a result, Michael goes back to the projects where his mother lives. He reunites with old friends who make unpleasant remarks towards his foster parents. This makes Michael angry and a fight ensues. Their c ruelty forces him to run. Leigh Anne searches for Michael in vain. He calls Michael who agrees to meet and discuss a few things that made Michael uncomfortable (Lewis, 2009). During the meeting, Anne promises to support Michael’s decisions, as well as allow him talk to officers who are investigating his decision to join the University of Mississippi. Michael moves back to his foster parents’ house and plans of joining college get underway. The movie ends with Michael bidding farewell to his foster family. He focuses on his football career while in college and grows into an all star left tackler (Scott, 2009). The end creates a feeling of joy, as one feels happy for the once poor, illiterate, and fat teenager who came from a broken home but managed to identify and fulfill his real potential despite all many challenges. Themes Elements Developed in the Movie This movie identifies as a film that integrates various themes and elements. The fact that the movie develops out of a real life story makes it an undeniable fairy tale. It provides the viewer with a touch of reality that human relations depend on. There are two important lessons about human relations brought out in this movie. First, it is important for human beings to reach out to less fortunate in the society. Michael is a teenager who has lost hope of fulfilling his dreams, but the family of Leigh Anne helps him identify and fulfill his potential (Lewis, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Blind Side specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The second lesson is that people need to believe in their abilities, and develop relations with people who believe in them. Leigh Anne believes that the decision to make Michael part of her family is right despite objections from friends. Michael has great potential and Leigh’s family believes in his abilities, the reason they do all they can to ensure that he exploits them (L ewis, 2009). For a keen viewer, the movie also develops the theme of love and family. The nature of life is such that people do not have a choice of who comprise their families. Some people are lucky enough to experience love from both parents and joy of growing in a complete family, while others are not that lucky. However, from the movie it is clear that these situations are not permanent because individuals can get these experiences from people they interact with in life (Scott, 2009). Michael came from a broken home that did not have a father, while the mother was not resourceful due to her drug addiction. He lacked life opportunities that his peers from bonded families had. However, he is able to feel the love of a family later in his teenage years after a white couple that already had two children adopts him. The love shown by others is often influential on how people develop perspectives about life (Lewis, 2009). The concept of family developed in this movie goes beyond nucle ar families to include a social unit that shares common values, includes people who believe in each other, and who show love towards each other. In the movie, challenges of poverty, racial discrimination, as well as drug and substance abuse are evident and well explored. Modern American society identifies as one that adores drugs, looks down upon people from poor backgrounds, as well as a society still incensed in the old habit of treating people based on color of their skin (Scott, 2009). This unfortunate reality has for long refused to die out of American culture. The treatment accorded to Michael’s foster parents when they go looking for him in the projects, is unacceptable and one that modern parents would not want their children to grow having knowledge of. The comments made towards Leigh Anne during Michael’s adoption talks also give a clear indication of various perceptions that American people still have towards each other. Humor also develops a lot in this mov ie, as there are certain scenes that leave the viewer in stitches (Scott, 2009). One such scene is during one of the games when Michael, using his huge body gives an opponent a block that clears him off the pitch. The scene gets funnier when the coach demands to know from Michael why he did such a thing to an opponent. Michael’s response was that he was trying to stop after the whistle but he was on top speed.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Michael also said he carried the opponent to the bus because he felt time was right for the player to leave the pitch. Numerous tackles, which prompted the referee to throw a flag as a warning, dominated Michael’s style of play in that game (Scott, 2009). Another element developed in the movie is sacrifice. Michael’s foster family sacrifices to help him in a unique and inspiring way. They go out of their way to provide him shelter, food, clothing, education, and a career in football. The movie had a good reception across America, with critics giving positive remarks. Most notable remarks touched on the impressive role of Leigh Anne played by Sandra Bullock (Lewis, 2009). The movie received many nominations and awards that included academy award, people’s choice awards, and nickelodeon kids choice awards among others. Conclusion The main character in this movie is Michael who puts up at various foster homes. However, he escapes due to various reasons. The fact th at the movie develops out of a real life story makes it an undeniable fairy-tale. This movie is generates a sad feeling for what Michael goes through, as well as a feeling of joy for the way his life turns around into a success story. Themes and elements developed in the movie include humor, sacrifice, human relations, importance of love and family, poverty, racial discrimination, as well as drug and substance abuse. It is important for human beings to reach out to less fortunate in the society. Michael is a teenager who has lost hope of fulfilling his dreams, but the family of Leigh Anne helps him identify and fulfill his potential. It is also important for people to believe in their abilities, and develop relations with people who believe in them. Leigh Anne believes that the decision to make Michael part of her family is right despite objections from friends. The movie had a good reception across America, with critics giving positive remarks. References Lewis, M. (2009). The Blin d Side: Evolution of a Game (Movie Tie-In Edition). New York: W. W. Norton. Scott, A. (2009). Steamrolling over Life’s Obstacles with Family as Cheerleaders. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/20/movies/20blindside.html?_r=0 This essay on The Blind Side was written and submitted by user TrueBel1evers to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Report of Transcom Beverage Bd Essay Example

Report of Transcom Beverage Bd Essay Example Report of Transcom Beverage Bd Paper Report of Transcom Beverage Bd Paper Chapter- 1 (introduction) TRANSCOM TRANSCOM TRANSCOM 1. 1: Company overview: Overview: On the basis of an exclusive Franchise for Bangladesh from Pepsico USA, TBL acquired threemodern bottling plants at Dhaka,  Chittagong and Bogra from BBIL, Dhaka; EBIL,  Chittagongand NBIL, Bogra; in March 2000. TBL manufactures the famous Pepsi range of beverages-Pepsi, 7up, Mirinda Orange, Mirinda Lemon,  Slice and Soda. As a corporate citizen Pepsicobelieves it has a responsibility to contribute to the quality of life in our communities. TBL hasput into action this philosophy through  support of social agencies, projects and programs and thescope of this support is extensive and  it has not been difficult to blend with this philosophy sincethe TRANSCOM group also followed such a  corporate ideology. 1. 2 Objective of the study: Broad objective: Marketing Mix(4 p ¶s) Analysis and Competitors Evaluation? Specific objectives: To find the business portfolio of Transcom Food Beverage ltd. To know the marketing strategy of Transcom Food Beverage ltd. To find the pricing Transcom Food Beverage products. To find the Transcom Food Beverage ltd. ommunication system. To find the product of   Transcom Food Beverage in   last year To find the  last year product performance of   Transcom Food   Beverage ltd. 1. 3 Limitations of the study: In every research many work there is some limitations that the researcher faces while preparingdifferent activities. In the process of the research work,  we also f aced certain limitations thathampered the actual findings and analysis of our research work. Some of these notablelimitations can be identified are: The topic is mainly focused on product marketing strategy of Transcom Food Beverage Ltd. Transcom is a group of company. But here we emphasizing on   TranscomFood Beverage Ltd. So it seems to us as a  limitation of the study. They are very busy with their regular task. So, it becomes quite difficult for them to givetime to the outsiders. And also there are  some rules and regulations so that we cannotenter to the head office. So, that we have to talk with their company officers,staffs,employes . That was a big  limitation for us. We got only 2-3 weeks to prepare this report. This could be a limitation of this study. We had  faced electricity problem which consumed our  lot of time. It was a big limitation for us. Chapter -2 Research Methodology 2. 1: Sampling Plan: Sampling Procedure: The sampling procedure has been conducted on thedeliberate sampling method has used where  the respondents and the interviewees. Sampling Unit: In order to carry out the  research work, the study was focused ontaking the interviews of the personnel involved in the Transcom Food beverage ltd. 1. Number of respondents: 20 2. Age range: 20-40 3. Occupation: Student, housewife, service  holder 4. Economic status: Higher, middle class, lower  class. 5. Geographic location: Dhaka and outside dhaka. 2. 2 Data  Collection Techniques: Questionnaire: Unstructured and open-ended questionnaires (please see appendix) were asked to the  differentpeople of different areas of Bangladesh to find whether they are satisfied with Products of  Transcom Food Beverage ltd or not. Observations: When we visited the Gulshan office of   Transcom Beverage that time we used our ownobservations to collect certain pieces of  information about their product marketing strategy, newproduct performance as well as coming product of   Transcom food   Beverage ltd. Secondary Information: Secondary information has collected  by reviewing websites and some articles printed time totime and other relevant documents. . 3: Sources of Data Collection: Primary: The primary information is gathered through  informal interviews of the   employees working over  there under   Transcom Food Beverage. Secondary: Secondary sources had also  used to collect information. Secondary sources  include: Different articles, index of Transcom Food    Beverage ltd. Visiting website of Transcom Company. Physical visiting to Transcom Beverage factory. Other sources Chapter -3 Finding and analysis (part-1) 3. 1 Business Portfolio of Transcom Beverage: Beverage Items: 1. Pepsi 2. Diet Pepsi 3. Pepsi Blue 4. Pepsi Light 5. 7Up 6. Up ice 7. Mountain Dew 8. Slice 9. Mirinda 10. Mirinda Orange Food Items: Pizza Hut K FC 3. 2: The marketing strategies: Transcom Beverage is one of the leadind soft drinks proveder. Their solutions strategy leveragesone of our greatest assets a portfolio of outstanding quality. differentiate these solutionsofferings based on our in-depth consumer understanding, with a strong focus on social location. 3. 2. (1): Packaging and Branding: Packaging: Packaging involves designing and producing the container or wrapper for aproduct . Packaging plays a  part in delivering beverages to  customers safely. In all of   the production facilities, they minimize packaging waste from the supplies they receive,and they strive to reuse, recycle, or recover as much as possible of their waste. however, Blow-molding is a manufacturing process used  in the plastics and polymers industries to create hollowbut strong containers for their clients. Polyethylene Terephthalate (P. E. T. ) bottles aremanufactured using the blow-molding process. Currently, we are  constructing a blow-moldingproduction line at the Raleigh production facility. By implementing the blow-molding process,we will eliminate the ordering, shipping lizing of pre-madeP. E. T. bottles. Branding: 7 Up is a brand of a lemon-lime flavored non-caffeinated soft drink  . The rights tothe brand are held by Dr Pepper Snapple Group in the United States, and PepsiCo (or itslicensees) in the rest of the world, including Puerto  Rico, where the concentrate  is manufacturedat the Pepsi facility in Cidra. The7 Uplogo includes a red spot between the 7 and Up; this redspot has been animated and used as a mascot for the brand as Cool Spot. KFC is under the Yum! Brand name. Yum! also owns Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, LongJohn Silvers and AW, with more than 35,000 restaurants around the world. Product positioning: A product can be positioned  in the minds of the customer by 1. Maintaining proper attributes 2. Offering desired benefits 3. Using strong beliefs and values. 4. Continues communication Pepsi has always been brand that  embodies the most prevalent youth sentiment. Over the  years as youth has evolved, so  have Pepsi’s positioning and language. It  has, however, consistentlystood for what the youth stands for  ± right from  µYeh Dil Maange More ¶ to  µYeh HaiYoungistaan Meri Jaan ¶. Brand positioning of 7. up: The  brand ¶s proposition of ? Ekdum Asli Indian? Absolutely RealIndian) was brought alive on outdoors in some very interesting ways. KFC : A regional credit union that had an image that was outdated and did not reflect their  positioning . Their unique selling position was one  to one relatiomship with their customer whowere mostly working class individual. They also handeled all of their marketing and advertising 3. 2. ( 2): Pricing of Transcom food and beverage Products: Transcom food item price( pizza hut kfc  ) Product  name   Mrp KFC(  special  Burger)  180. 00  +  vat KFC(regular)  120. 00  +  vat KFC(Bucket)  850  +  vat KFC(French  fry)  95  +  vat KFC(  Soft  Drinks)  20. 00  +  vat Pizza  Hut(6  inc  pizza)  280. 00  +  vat Pizza  Hut(12  inc  pizza)  520. 00  +  vat Pizza  Hut(18  inc  pizza)  950. 00  +  vat Pizza  Hut(burger)  150. 00  +  vat Pizza  Hut(shorma)  95. 00  +  vat Transcom beverage item price(soft drinks) Product  Name   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  MRP Pepsi  (250  ml)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12. 00tk Pepsi  (500  ml)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  28. 00tk Pepsi  (1  liter)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50. 00tk 7Up(250  ml)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12. 00tk 7Up(500  ml)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  28. 00tk 7Up(1  liter)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50. 00tk MountainDew(250ml)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12. 00tk MountainDew(500ml)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  28. 00tk Mountain  Dew(1liter)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50. 00tk Slice  (250ml)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  15. 00tk Mirinda (250  ml)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12. 00tk Mirinda(500  ml)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  28. 00tk Mirinda(  1  liter)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50. 00tk 3. 2. (3): Transcom food and beverage communication process Television: The TV commercial generally considered the most important media. For this  Ã‚  reason,when   Transcom Beverage launch  a new product they first make a meaningful advertise,because TVadvertisment catch the eyes of customer very rapidly. People are encouraged bythe new tv advertisment. Internet:  Nokia also use the internet and World Wide Web for their worldwide communicationprocess. Their ads include contextual ads that appear on search engine results pages. Event Sponsor:   Every year Transcom Beverage   sponsor various types of program. By doing this they getpublicity indirectly. For Example sometimes pepsi arrange football and  Criket match. They also arrange   Ã‚  Cultural function, concert etc. Press Advertising:  Press advertising describes advertising in a print medium such as  newspaper, magazineand journal. Transcom food and beverage print their ads by press  medium. Billboard:  Ã‚  This is one of the popular medium in communication process. Its cost is less than tvcommercials. If anyone miss the TVads or press advertising hopefully they will   not  missthe billboard ads. We can easily see a Transcom food and beverage(Pepsi,Pizzahut,KFC)billboard at prominent area in Bangladesh. Transcom food and beverage use 3 types of  billboard such as, Fixed, Moving and Neon Sign. Chapter-5 Conclusion Transcom food and beverage is well known franchise group in Bangladesh. Day by day it isincreasing its market segmentations. Transcom Foods Ltd Executive Director Akku Chowdhuryreceived the CEOs Award for  KFC and Running Great  Restaurants Pizza Hut award from Yum! Indian Subcontinent in Delhi at the franchisee awards show recently. This however was not the first award that Transcom Foods Ltd has been honoured  with. Therestaurants in Dhaka have been awarded twice before for being the best in the region. This recent accomplishment certainly asserts the standard of these international franchisees inBangladesh and their continued commitment to the customers. These early industrial ventureshave moved over  to businesses involved in high-tech manufacturing, international trading anddistribution, forming strong ties with a host of blue chip  multinational companies. In recent yearsTranscom has emerged as an increasingly significant media house in Bangladesh. If transcomfollow our suggestions which we think is appropriate for them so they can improve  more fromtheir current  position.

What are the most important stratgic of quality mangent Research Paper

What are the most important stratgic of quality mangent - Research Paper Example Applying some tools of Total Quality Management is the secret of that successful. The most important strategies of Total Quality Management that should be established in the successful companies are quality circle, quality improvement team, quality of human resources, and employing the six sigma as one of the strategies. First understanding and employing quality circle drive companies to success. The order of quality circle that will be following is starting from main management of the company through employees, product or service, and customer which ending in the company by getting higher income. First of all, employees are vital part of the companies since they are the people who are working to provide the service or production of the product. Only if the company has good employees, will it success. That is the reason of the hiring employee into the quality circle which will be the way of driving organization to success. According to Berry (1991), Managing the Total Quality Transformation, by the quality circle the employees should be wishful to share within the higher planning of Total Quality Management since their effort will be spent on, also staff will be more productively. That shows staff will be working with high quality in their work environment, if they participated in their department p lan because they will spend their energy and time on it. Secondly, customer satisfaction is the only logical method to maintain the high level of progress and success in companies. If the company won the customer satisfaction which could be achieved by the quality circle, that will be reflected on the increase in production and in their income. Which means itll have the opportunity to achieve a high percentage of sales and to widening the scope of the customer. According to Nocero (2002), in his article â€Å"Seal of Approval† customer could control cost of products or services by their satisfaction. Therefore, the

Education vs Economic Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 11750 words

Education vs Economic Crisis - Essay Example The research utilizes resources readily available as it seeks to shed light on the gap between the economic crisis and the education. The economic crisis pushes schools to adopt the best marketing and educational exercises that minimize expenditure to create profits for the business. The research attempts to provide information necessary for the management of Eurognosi to adopt optimal operations to acquire profits. Given the nature of the education system, the research utilized the availability of parents during the school’s enrollment day. Parents and guardians alike gathered at the institution to bring their children as they commenced the first day of the academic year. The research involved supplying questionnaires and administering interviews to all the stakeholders present at the school. The results acquired were gathered, tabulated, evaluated, and analyzed to extract the best practice techniques to ensure the survival of the institution in the near future. The research provides the linking information between the economic recession characteristic of the last decade and its effect on the standards of education delivered to students. The purpose of the project is to find and deeply analyze the main needs of today’s users as it comes to education in private institutes. To achieve such an analysis, a new market research will be implemented. For the purpose of this project, the institute to be used would be â€Å"Eurognosi† and more specifically the branch in Aglantzia. A SWOT analysis will be implemented to develop critical thinking to improve strategic plans and objectives of the branch. The main advantage of the project lies in its uniqueness and is the forebear of more studies to come.

Sociological research-there is a relationship between social class and Essay

Sociological research-there is a relationship between social class and crime - Essay Example ade great strides in proving that social class has a direct correlation with crime due to the social controls of a capitalist government† (Jones, 2004). Social conflict theory focuses on why governments make and enforce rules of law and morality then why an individual violates the law. The primary goal of Social Conflict is to examine the relationship between the ruling class and the process by which deviance is defined and controlled in capitalist society. The government creates laws and rules to maintain the power and position for the power elite. Centering on a view of society in which the elite class uses the criminal justice system as a means of controlling threats to its status. Conflict theorists do not argue that the poor commit more crimes than the rich, but they are certainly arrested and punished more often. A natural frustration exists in society in which a high value is placed on being rich and attaining the American dream, but this dream is unattainable for the ma jority of the citizens. A deep hostility develops among the lower class toward a social order that they can not participate unless it’s by illegal means. Thus, the legal system is designed to guard the position of the upper class by any legal means necessary. â€Å"Conflict theorists seriously contradict the long-held presumption that the American system of law and justice is humane and fair to all citizens.† (Senna, 2003) It really is not a surprise to any of us that it is the poor and disadvantaged criminals who end up in the coils of the criminal justice system. But it would be a mistake to make accusations about the nature of crime by blaming those individuals who end up in our police cells, courtrooms and prisons. This does not mean that crime in the US or any other part of the world is committed by the poor and disadvantaged. Nor does it mean that disadvantage is the cause of most crime. â€Å"But some of the grossest victimizations are concentrated among the poorer members of

Employee performance appraisal theories and techniques

Employee performance appraisal theories and techniques Performance appraisal is to assess and evaluate the performance of employees towards the objectives of the organisation. Performance appraisal has now become a very important part of human resource management. Performance appraisal is the basis for other personnel programs in many of the organisations like counselling, salary administration, or personnel planning. With the decline of careers in organisation, HRM techniques such as performance appraisal has become more important in motivating and controlling the workforce. Appraisal is now seen by some commentators as being much more significant in maintaining employee loyalty and commitment than in directly managing performance (Bowles and Coates, 1993). Use of performance appraisal gives the manager opportunity to change corporate values which are important instrument in control process. Thus we find a growing use of appraisal systems for non-managerial employees that are based on social, attitudinal and trait attributes (Townley, 1 989). Employees are now being appraised not only on objective measures such as attendance, productivity and quality but also on subjective measures such as flexibility, loyalty etc. performance appraisal helps in increasing the efficiency of workforce which in turn helps in achieving the objectives set by an organisation. Performance appraisal is one of the most important components in the systematic approach of Human Resource Management. Performance appraisal is the process of assessing and evaluating the performance of employees according to the objectives of the organisation. Performance appraisal is defined as a procedure which involves the regular use of recorded assessment of an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance and potential (Phil Long (1986). Performance Appraisal Revisited. 2nd ed. London: IPM Information and Advisory Services. 5.). A primary aim of the performance appraisal is to measure the performance of an individual against the given objectives. Performance appraisal includes the employees, management, supervisors and the units those are most responsible in the organisation. Manual staffs such as skilled employees and employees with technical duties are also subject to appraisal. Many organisations use performance appraisal even for other personnel programs, like counselling, sal ary administration, promotions or personnel planning etc. It acts as a means of communication between the boss and the sub ordinates required by the company or organisation. There are many possible uses of performance appraisal, but a wise user of the technique will choose among the possibilities and confine performance appraisal to those activities that will meet limited, specific goals (Patricia King (1984). Performance Planning and Appraisal. New York: McGraw-Hill. 7.). Performance appraisal system helps in measuring the performance of individuals against the set objectives of the organisation and the tasks provided to an individual, and rewarding them accordingly. It is also the basis for recruiting the new people, provide feed back, increase motivation, identify potential, study the skills of the employees, training to be provided according to the objectives and the work given and let people know that what is expected from them against the organisation and solve the job problem s. A change in payment systems has also helped in growth and development of performance appraisal. Reward systems and increased use of merit and performance have been associated with the development of performance appraisal. It would be clear that performance appraisal practices those are operating from past ten years or so may be effective in many organisations today. New developments has reduced the role of performance appraisal, they now are being used as a measure to achieve organisational objectives, considerable experimentation and innovation. In fact performance appraisal has become more wide spread. New forms of appraisals have also been developed. Development of performance appraisal: Informal system of performance appraisal exists as long as people work together; evaluation of employees at work is the universal tendency. The history of formal system of performance appraisal is short. With the new developments performance appraisal has become an important element of human resource management. Wide ranges of methods are used to conduct the performance appraisals such as from ranking schemes and competency based systems to complex behaviourally anchored rating schemes. Performance appraisalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s nature is mostly based on the objectives of management and the available resources for commitment. Simpler ranking and rating schemes are adopted by the small organisations with limited HR expertise, where as schemes such as competency based and 360o appraisal are adopted by the larger organisations. Most of the managements use only one type of appraisal system. Some organisations provide the choice for employees about methods in how they should be appraised. F ew organisations adopt multiple systems to separate reward and non reward aspects of appraisal and different systems to different occupational groups and different parts of the organisation. Appraisal Systems: Appraisal system formulates the review part of the performance cycle. Appraisal systems are designed on a central basis by personnel function, each manager evaluate the performance of their staff on an annual, six-monthly or even quarterly basis. Traditionally appraisal system has been applicable to the staff those are in higher management and supervisory positions, but with new developments it has also applicable even to the clerical staff and secretarial staff. Appraisal systems are been applicable in all the parts of the organisation for the better performance of the employees. It tends to assess the performance of the employees and reward them accordingly. Appraisal system can be used to identify the problems and improve current performance, provide feedback. It also can be used to set the organisation objectives, provide information to the HR personnel, selection process and as a reward or punishments. Appraisal can be divided into three categories, reward reviews, potential reviews, and performance reviews, and the appraisal system should satisfy at least one of those. Manager should be very careful in reviewing the primary purpose of the appraisal system. Source: www.rose.edu/faculty/bperryman/f6.pdf Performance Appraisal Methods and Techniques: The techniques to evaluate the performance appraisal can be grouped into three categories: Comparative, Absolute and Outcome or Result-oriented. Comparative Methods: These techniques help in evaluation the performance of the employees in a work group. Three main procedures which are used in performance judgements are paired comparisons, raking and forced distribution. Paired comparisons: In this method appraiser compares the pair of individuals, rating which employee is better. This could be based on the overall performance of the job or one specific trait. A rank order is obtained from the number of times each individual is selected as the better of a pair (Phil Long (1986). Performance Appraisal Revisited. 2nd ed. London: IPM Information and Advisory Services). Ranking: Rater requires listing the group of individuals and ranking them according to the merit from best to worst. In this procedure a single performance trait is used to evaluate the overall performance of employees towards the objectives. Forced distribution: This procedure combines both paired comparisons and ranking methods. Individuals receive a rating and also assigned to categories according to predetermined distribution. Absolute Methods: This method evaluates the performance of an individual by reference to standards of performance. Techniques include narrative approach, graphic or trait rating scales, critical incidents and behavioural anchored rating scales. Narrative Approach: This method describes the individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s work performance and behaviour in the words of appraiser. The appraiser describes the strengths, weaknesses and potential of an individual and also suggest for improvements that are required. Appraiser can explain in the form of essay or written report. Narrative procedures have the benefit that they can explain and provide information regarding the individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance. Trait Rating Scales: This is highly structured scale which consists of a list of personality traits. The appraiser should indicate the performance of an individual on a numerical scale for which individual is being appraised have these traits. A variation of this is the graphic rating scale which requires the rater to evaluate the individual on each of several defined qualities along a line containing a variety of objectives from very high to very low (Phil Long (1986). Performance Appraisal Revisited. 2nd ed. London: IPM Information and Advisory Services). Critical incident techniques: In this method rater explains the positive and negative behavioural events which have been observed within a review period. It is more suitable for performance feedback discussions. Behavioural Anchored Rating Scales (BARS): BARS is one of the prominent behaviour scaling techniques which determine the behaviour ratings and actually constitute job performance. This methodology is carried out using typical BARS instruments which constitute of series of vertical scales. Each scale determines performance dimension based on job requirements and past observations. The behaviour anchors observed determines the work performance of the individual. Results-oriented Methods: These methods are mostly based on specific accomplishments and outcomes of job performance rather than behaviours. Assessment is based on how the objectives have been achieved. Objectives being jointly agreed between the superior and subordinate and standards are set by discussion and negotiation. As the standards are known the procedure can be corrected as they develop. To study the role of performance appraisal, different appraisal systems, models and how are these helpful in evaluation of employee performance in order to achieve the organisational objectives. To study about performance appraisal systems, methods and techniques. How the appraisal systems are developed and implemented in the real context to achieve the objectives. To study the advantages and disadvantages of different performance appraisal methods. This data has already been published and while using this data the researcher should be very careful about the validity and reliability. Researcher should get the data which has been recently published as it will be more applicable to the present scenario. The data used by researcher in this report is mostly from books, electronic journals, and websites and research journals. Secondary includes both quantitative and qualitative data, and they can be used in both descriptive and explanatory research. Types of secondary data: Documentary data, Survey-based data, and those compiled from multiple sources. Documentary secondary data includes written documents and non written documents. Written documents include books, journals, magazine articles, newspaper and internet. Non-written documents such as pictures, drawings, television programme. Multiple-source secondary data can be based entirely on documentary or any survey data, or can combination of the two. Data collected will be analysed with the help of diagrams, graphs, pie charts and etc. Qualitative data collected from all the possible sources will help in achieving the objectives of dissertation. Saunders et al (2003) claims that there is no standard approach to analyzing qualitative data but discuss one technique where the data are disaggregated into meaningful categories that are subsequently rearranged and analyzed for related data and key themes. The dissertation will be presented in written form meeting the requirements laid down in the Individual Research Dissertation Handbook. And soft copies will be provided in the desirable standard format. Dissertation Time Plan (what are the key times) Meet the appointed lecturer and start with dissertation Finish the introduction and literature review Analyze Data and Interpret data using different data analysis tools and techniques Update Literature Review Complete dissertation by drawing conclusion Submit Dissertation Phil Long (1986). Performance Appraisal Revisited. 2nd ed. London: IPM Information and Advisory Services Patricia King (1984). Performance Planning and Appraisal. New York: McGraw-Hill. Tom Redman, Adrian Wilkinson (2001). Contemporary Human Resource Management. London: Prentice Hall. 57-95. Derek Torrington and Laura Hall (1995). Personal Management. 3rd ed. London: Prentice Hall. 316-331. Stephen Pilbeam and Marjorie Corbridge (2002). People Resourcing HRM in Practice. 2nd ed. London: FT Prentice Hall. 258-283. John P Wilson (1999). Human Resource Development. London: Kogan Page. 153-162. http://www.businessballs.com/performanceappraisals.htm www.rose.edu/faculty/bperryman/f6.pdf

Acupuncture :: essays research papers

Acupuncture   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Acupuncture is a Chinese medical practice that treats illness and provides local anesthesia by the insertion of needles at predetermined sites of the body. Acupuncture may also follow many other forms. The word acupuncture comes from the Latin word acus, meaning needle, and pungere, meaning puncture. The Chinese call acupuncture Chen Chiu.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On doing my research over acupuncture I used many different sources. I got most of my information from the Internet. I discovered a large acupuncture clinic in Houston and contacted them over the phone. I never really realized that acupuncture was used so much in this country, but there are many places acupuncture is used in the United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Acupuncture is used in the treatment of a wide variety of medical problems. It is used for ear, nose, and throat disorders, respiratory disorders, Gastrointestinal disorders, Eye disorders, and Neurological and Muscular disorders. The needles used in acupuncture are usually only inserted from 1/4 to 1 inch deep into the skin. There is usually no pain in acupuncture. Usually if any pain it is only mild. Most of the needles now used in acupuncture are disposable needles. Acupuncture does not always only involve needles. They may also use other methods such as moxibustion, cupping, electronic stimulation, magneotherapy and various types of massage. There are also many different styles of acupuncture practiced all over the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many things to consider when choosing an acupuncturist. Acupuncture is a licensed and regulated healthcare profession in about half the states in the United States. There are many acupuncture practices which are not certified, so when choosing one some research is required. If you get acupuncture usually between five to fifteen sessions are required, depending on the severity of the complaint. Many acute conditions only require a single treatment. The main thing to remember when receiving acupuncture is to simply relax. After acupuncture treatments much of the pain may be gone after the first treatment, or in some cases it takes more. In some cases the pain may become worse, this is known as the rebound effect.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The clinic I got most of my information from is a clinic in Houston. They specialize in Acupuncture Therapy for diseases and conditions such as acute and chronic pain, degenerative diseases, arthritis, M.S., post-stroke, migraine

Political Science Essay

Chapter 1 1. Authority: the recognized right of officials to exercise power 2. Constitutionalism: the idea that there are lawful restrictions on government’s power 3. Corporate power: operates in part through the influence that firms have with policy makers 4. Democracy: a form of government in which the people govern, either directly or through an elected representative. 5. Elitism: the power well exercised by well positioned and high influential individuals 6. Free market system: operates mainly on private transactions. Firms are largely free to make their own production, distribution and pricing decisions 7. Judicial action: the use of courts as means of asserting rights and interests. 8. Majoritarianism: the situation in which the majority effectively determines what the government does 9. Pluralism: holds that, most issues, the preference of the special interest largely determines what government does 10. Political Science: the systematic study of government and politics 11. Political thinking: careful gathering and sifting of information in the process of forming a knowledgeable view about a political issue 12. Politics: the means by which society settles in conflicts and allocates the resulting the benefits and costs 13. Power: refers to the ability of persons, groups or institutions to influence political developments 14. Public policies: decisions of government to pursue particular courses of action Chapter 2 1. Anti-Federalists: raised arguments that national government would ne too powerful and would threaten self government in the separate states and the liberty of people 2. Bill of Rights: includes those as freedom of speech, religion, due process protections. 3. Checks and Balances: no institution can act decisively without the support or acquiescence of the other institution. 4. Constitution: a fundamental law that defines how government will legitimately operate; the method for choosing its leaders, the institutions through which these leaders will work, the procedures they must follow in making policy and the powers they can lawfully exercise; highest law of the land 5. Constitutional democratic republic: the type of government created in the United States in 1787. a. Constitutional: in its requirement to gain power through elections be exercised in accordance with law and with due respect for individual rights b. Democratic: in its provisions for majority influence through elections c. Republic: in its mix of deliberative institutions, each of which moderates the power of others 6. Delegates: officeholders who are obligated to carry out the expressed opinions of the people they represent 7. Limited government: one that is subject to strict legal limits on the uses of power, so that it would not threaten the people’s liberty 8. Self Government: one in which the people would be the ultimate source of governing authority and would have a voice in their governing 9. Inalienable rights or Natural rights: life, liberty and property, which are threaten by individuals 10. The Virginia Plan:/Large State Plan: included separate judicial and executive branches as well as two chamber congress that would have supreme authority in all areas 11. The New Jersey Plan / Small State Plan: call for a stronger national government than that provided by the articles of confederation 12. The Great Compromise: the agreement of the constitutional convention to create a two chamber congress with the House appointed by population and the Senate apportioned equally by the state 13. 3/5 Compromise: each slave was to count as less than a person. 14. Federalists: Constitution supporters 15. Liberty: the principle that individuals should be free to act, and think as they choose, provided they do not infringe on the well being of others 16. Grants of Power: framers chose to limit the national government in part by confirming its scope of authority to those powers expressively granted in the Constitution. 17. Denials of Power: a means to limit government to prohibit certain practices that European rulers had routinely used to oppressed political opponents 18. Separation of Powers: division of the powers of government among separate institutions or branches 19. Separated institution sharing power: 20. Checks and Balances: No institution can act decisively without the support or acquiescence of the other institutions 21. Judicial Review: the power of the judiciary to decide whether a government official or institution that has acted within its limits of the Constitution 22. Tyranny Sovergnty: a government cannot be sovereign if it can be overruled by another government 23. Federalism: a governmental system in which authority is divided between two sovereign levels of government, national and regional. 24. Unitary system: sovereignty is vested solely in the national government. 25. Confederacy: the type of government that existed under the Articles of confederation 26.

Bound Morphemes Pg Essays

Bound Morphemes Pg Essays Bound Morphemes Pg Essay Bound Morphemes Pg Essay Notes from live broadcast 29/07/09 Mrs Masehela made a comment at the beginning of the session that because of a large amount of students receiving their study material late, she would focus only on what is relevant for the exam during this broadcast – I really hope this is the case. The chapters I refer to in these notes are from the prescribed book: Investigating English. Chapter One A system of signs for human communication there are different modes of linguistic communication- writing signs and oral. Language is a semiotic system. Semiotics: the study of signs and symbols and their meanings.Language is a system where the individual elements ‘signs’, take their overall meaning from HOW they are combined with other elements. Think of the English language spelling patterns and compare that with another language you know. Think of the road signs and their meanings or any other sign and its meaning. de Saussure theory of linguistic signs. pg 6 The signifier â⠂¬â€œ the sequence of sounds (word), which makes up the sign e. g. w/a/t/e/r this is the symbol. The signified – the mental or physical reality of the sign e. g. water. The properties of language (unique) pg 9 Displacement – talk about things that are not in sight. Arbitrariness – no natural relationship between a word and it’s meaning. Discreetness – separate or distinct. Each sound functions as an individual. Duality – distinct sounds do not convey meaning but carry meaning when combined with other sounds. (ooo, eee, aaa by themselves no meaning). Productivity – speakers produce and interpret an infinite number of new signals, able to produce a sentence without memorising. Cultural transmission – language is passed on from one generation to the next (mother tongue).Chapter 4 Words and word formation (the structure of words) Morpheme – pg 63 the smallest meaningful unit of a language. e. g. –ful, -er, un-, ive. Free morphemes – pg 65 independent words, simple can’t be broken down. car, sure, fine, chew, school, a, the, Two kinds – content/lexical morphemes Open group-new words can be added. They carry meaning – fine, chew. function/grammatical morphemes Closed group-new words hardly ever added. When attached, work together with content – but, if, this, and. Bound morphemes – pg 67 can not occur unattached. (not a word on its own) also called affixes. e. g. –ful, un-, -s, -er. the base or the stem is the morpheme to which prefixes and suffixes are attached. e. g. safe, drive, tangle. Inflectional morphemes- pg 68 do not change the grammatical status of a word. e. g school (noun), schools (noun), talk (verb), talked (verb) can change quantities, tenses, plurality. [pic] see page 69 as well. Derivational morphemes – pg 69 these change the grammatical class of a word e. g. –ly slowly verb adjective adverb Chapter 7 La nguage and meanings. Nature of meaning. Language is a conduit/channel along which thoughts are transferred. Meaning can’t be separated from language. Lexemes. can have a variety of forms called variant forms. when change from one to another, meaning changes as well. [pic] Chapter 8 Language acquisition. Acquisition – what we are born with, learn as we grow up to about 13 years of age. Learning – what we are formally taught, from about 13 years. Different theories- Imitation – child imitates language they hear around them. Innateness – humans born with a capacity for a language development. Input motherese/caretaker speech, more time spent with. Cognitive – child develops a concept first, able to remember/make sense of words of language. Chapter 8 cont†¦ Language acquisition – observe any child between the ages of 1m – 6y. study the section on stages of language acquisition pg 133-135 of textbook. this is my summar y of this section – not possible to explain but is possible to observe, record and chart. proceed at own pace, reach different stages at different ages sequence of stages, generally the same Stage 1 – , | |attention/discomfort |by short vowel |longer then cooing |resembling speech – |recognisable objects|combine 2 |nouns- omit the | | | |– high to low |1st real signs | | |am,-ed –ing, | | | | |language development| | | | Chapter 9 English and education 1. What role should English play in your community/country? 2. What role is English playing in your community/country today? 3. The role and importance of the standard variety of English. 1. Unifying language, able to interact with business partners, economically possible to gain recognition and be understood. 2.Kind can come from/various – have varying linguistic backgrounds, multi/mono-lingual – some communities are flooded by people from other parts of the world; English has a r ole, as a unifier, business partner, feel accepted. Beyond border of country – what is the role there? 3. Is it really important to know standard variety of English or just â€Å"black† English, â€Å"Hispanic† English or must it be standard English. Please correct me here/add in or what ever – I seem to have missed the boat here; however I did write every thing she spoke about? I suspect we need to prepare this for a long question. Exam 2 hours. Ensure you write in paragraphs â€Å"give a critical.. † give own view on topic, -ve and +ve side substantiate. â€Å"discuss† write in paragraphs, your own view is not necessary here.